California State University, Department of Kinesiology , Fullerton, CA, USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Jun 1;9(2):275-81. eCollection 2010.
Golf has the potential to keep people active well into their later years. Injuries to the target side knee have been reported in golfers, yet no mechanisms for these injuries have been proposed. The loads on the knee during the golf swing may be insufficient to cause acute injury, yet they may be a factor in the progression of overuse/degenerative conditions; therefore, research developing swing modifications that may alter loading of the knee is warranted. It has been suggested that the proper golf set-up position has the target-side foot externally rotated but no reasoning for this modification has been provided. Frontal plane knee moments have been implicated in many knee pathologies. Therefore, this study used a 3-dimensional link segment model to quantify the frontal plane knee moments during the golf swing in a straight (STR) and externally rotated (EXT) target-side foot position. Subjects were 7 collegiate golfers and knee moments were compared between conditions using repeated measures T-tests. The golf swing knee moment magnitudes were also descriptively compared to those reported for two athletic maneuvers (drop jump landing, side-step cutting) and activities of daily living (gait, stair ascent). The EXT condition decreased the peak knee adduction moment as compared to the STR condition; however, foot position had no effect on the peak knee abduction moment. Also, the magnitude of the knee adduction moments during the two activities of daily living were 9-33% smaller than those experienced during the two different golfing conditions. The drop jump landing and golf swing knee moments were of similar magnitude (STR= - 5%, EXT= + 8%); however, the moments associated with side- step cutting were 50-71% larger than those on the target side knee during the golf swing. The loading of the target side knee during the golf swing may be a factor in the development and progression of knee pathologies and further research should examine ways of attenuating these loads through exercise and swing modifications. Key pointsAn externally rotated front foot position at address would be recommended for those with medial knee pathology in the target side limb.There is a large valgus moment on the target side knee during the golf swing that is not decreased with external rotation of the foot at address.The potential of the knee moments on the target side limb to lead to knee pathologies in golfers needs to be further investigated.
高尔夫运动有可能使人们在晚年保持活跃。有报道称，高尔夫球手会伤到目标侧膝盖，但尚未提出这些损伤的机制。在高尔夫挥杆过程中，膝盖所承受的负荷可能不足以造成急性损伤，但它们可能是过度使用/退行性疾病进展的一个因素；因此，有必要研究可能改变膝盖负荷的挥杆修改。有人建议，正确的高尔夫站位应使目标侧脚向外旋转，但没有提供这种修改的理由。额状面膝盖力矩与许多膝盖病理有关。因此，本研究使用三维连杆模型来量化在直（STR）和外旋（EXT）目标侧脚位置的高尔夫挥杆中的额状面膝盖力矩。研究对象为 7 名大学生高尔夫球手，并使用重复测量 T 检验比较了两种情况下的膝盖力矩。还将高尔夫挥杆膝盖力矩的幅度与两种运动动作（跳落着地、侧跨步切入）和日常生活活动（步态、上楼梯）的报告幅度进行了描述性比较。与 STR 相比，EXT 条件下的峰值膝盖内收力矩减小；然而，脚的位置对峰值膝盖外展力矩没有影响。此外，两种日常生活活动中的膝盖内收力矩幅度比两种不同的高尔夫球条件下小 9-33%。跳落着地和高尔夫挥杆的膝盖力矩幅度相似（STR= - 5%，EXT= + 8%）；然而，与侧跨步切入相关的力矩比高尔夫挥杆时目标侧膝盖的力矩大 50-71%。高尔夫挥杆过程中目标侧膝盖的负荷可能是膝盖病理发展和进展的一个因素，进一步的研究应该通过运动和挥杆修改来研究减轻这些负荷的方法。关键点对于目标侧肢体患有内侧膝盖病理的人，建议在站位时将前脚向外旋转。在高尔夫挥杆过程中，目标侧膝盖会有一个很大的外翻力矩，而在站位时脚的外旋并不能减小这个力矩。目标侧肢体的膝盖力矩有可能导致高尔夫球手的膝盖病理，需要进一步研究。
