Kernozek Thomas W, Torry Michael R, VAN Hoof Heather, Cowley Hanni, Tanner Suzanne
Department of Health Professions, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Jun;37(6):1003-12; discussion 1013.
To determine gender differences in lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics between age- and skill-matched recreational athletes.
Inverse dynamic solutions estimated the lower-extremity flexion-extension and varus-valgus kinematics and kinetics for 15 females and 15 males performing a 60-cm drop landing. A mixed model, repeated measures analysis of variance (gender (*) joint) was performed on select kinematic and kinetic variables.
Peak hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion angles were greater in females in the sagittal plane (group effect, P < 0.02). Females exhibited greater frontal plane motion (group () joint, P = 0.02). Differences were attributed to greater peak knee valgus and peak ankle pronation angles (post hoc tests, P = 0.00). Females exhibited a greater range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane (group main effect, P = 0.02) and the frontal plane (group () joint, P = 0.01). Differences were attributed to the greater knee varus-valgus ROM, ankle dorsiflexion, and pronation ROM (post hoc tests). Ground reaction forces were different between groups (group (*) direction, P = 0.05). Females exhibited greater peak vertical and posterior (A/P) force than males (post hoc tests). Females exhibited different knee moment profiles (Group main effect, P = 0.01). These differences were attributed to a reduced varus moment in females (post hoc tests).
The majority of the differences in kinematic and kinetic variables between male and female recreational athletes during landing were observed in the frontal plane not in the sagittal plane. Specifically, females generated a smaller internal knee varus moment at the time of peak valgus knee angulation.
确定年龄和技能匹配的休闲运动员在下肢关节运动学和动力学方面的性别差异。
采用逆动力学方法，对15名女性和15名男性进行60厘米下落着地动作时的下肢屈伸和内翻-外翻运动学及动力学进行评估。对选定的运动学和动力学变量进行混合模型重复测量方差分析（性别（*）关节）。
在矢状面，女性的髋、膝屈曲峰值和踝关节背屈角度更大（组效应，P<0.02）。女性在额状面的运动更大（组（）关节，P = 0.02）。差异归因于更大的膝关节外翻峰值和踝关节内旋峰值角度（事后检验，P = 0.00）。女性在矢状面（组主效应，P = 0.02）和额状面（组（）关节，P = 0.01）的运动范围更大。差异归因于更大的膝关节内翻-外翻运动范围、踝关节背屈和内旋运动范围（事后检验）。两组之间的地面反作用力不同（组（*）方向，P = 0.05）。女性比男性表现出更大的垂直和向后（前后）力峰值（事后检验）。女性的膝关节力矩曲线不同（组主效应，P = 0.01）。这些差异归因于女性内翻力矩减小（事后检验）。
男女休闲运动员在着地过程中运动学和动力学变量的大多数差异在额状面而非矢状面被观察到。具体而言，女性在膝关节外翻角度峰值时产生的膝关节内翻力矩较小。
