1University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; and 2Health and Physiotherapy, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 May;28(5):1328-34. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000280.
Differences in trunk strength capacity because of gender and sports are well documented in adults. In contrast, data concerning young athletes are sparse. The purpose of this study was to assess the maximum trunk strength of adolescent athletes and to investigate differences between genders and age groups. A total of 520 young athletes were recruited. Finally, 377 (n = 233/144 M/F; 13 ± 1 years; 1.62 ± 0.11 m height; 51 ± 12 kg mass; training: 4.5 ± 2.6 years; training sessions/week: 4.3 ± 3.0; various sports) young athletes were included in the final data analysis. Furthermore, 5 age groups were differentiated (age groups: 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 years; n = 90, 150, 42, 43, and 52, respectively). Maximum strength of trunk flexors (Flex) and extensors (Ext) was assessed in all subjects during isokinetic concentric measurements (60°·s(-1); 5 repetitions; range of motion: 55°). Maximum strength was characterized by absolute peak torque (Flexabs, Extabs; N·m), peak torque normalized to body weight (Flexnorm, Extnorm; N·m·kg(-1) BW), and Flexabs/Extabs ratio (RKquot). Descriptive data analysis (mean ± SD) was completed, followed by analysis of variance (α = 0.05; post hoc test [Tukey-Kramer]). Mean maximum strength for all athletes was 97 ± 34 N·m in Flexabs and 140 ± 50 N·m in Extabs (Flexnorm = 1.9 ± 0.3 N·m·kg(-1) BW, Extnorm = 2.8 ± 0.6 N·m·kg(-1) BW). Males showed statistically significant higher absolute and normalized values compared with females (p < 0.001). Flexabs and Extabs rose with increasing age almost 2-fold for males and females (Flexabs, Extabs: p < 0.001). Flexnorm and Extnorm increased with age for males (p < 0.001), however, not for females (Flexnorm: p = 0.26; Extnorm: p = 0.20). RKquot (mean ± SD: 0.71 ± 0.16) did not reveal any differences regarding age (p = 0.87) or gender (p = 0.43). In adolescent athletes, maximum trunk strength must be discussed in a gender- and age-specific context. The Flexabs/Extabs ratio revealed extensor dominance, which seems to be independent of age and gender. The values assessed may serve as a basis to evaluate and discuss trunk strength in athletes.
性别和运动导致的躯干力量差异在成年人中已有充分的文献记载。相比之下，关于年轻运动员的数据却很少。本研究的目的是评估青少年运动员的最大躯干力量，并探讨性别和年龄组之间的差异。共有 520 名年轻运动员被招募。最终，377 名（n = 233/144 M/F；13 ± 1 岁；1.62 ± 0.11 米高；51 ± 12 千克体重；训练：4.5 ± 2.6 年；训练次数/周：4.3 ± 3.0；各种运动）年轻运动员被纳入最终数据分析。此外，还区分了 5 个年龄组（年龄组：11、12、13、14 和 15 岁；n = 90、150、42、43 和 52）。在所有受试者的等速向心测量中（60°·s(-1)；5 次重复；运动范围：55°）评估躯干屈肌（Flex）和伸肌（Ext）的最大力量。最大力量的特征是绝对峰值扭矩（Flexabs、Extabs；N·m）、体重标准化的峰值扭矩（Flexnorm、Extnorm；N·m·kg(-1) BW）和 Flexabs/Extabs 比（RKquot）。完成了描述性数据分析（平均值±标准差），然后进行方差分析（α = 0.05；事后检验[Tukey-Kramer]）。所有运动员的平均最大力量为 Flexabs 中的 97 ± 34 N·m 和 Extabs 中的 140 ± 50 N·m（Flexnorm = 1.9 ± 0.3 N·m·kg(-1) BW，Extnorm = 2.8 ± 0.6 N·m·kg(-1) BW）。与女性相比，男性的绝对和标准化值均具有统计学意义上的显著更高值（p < 0.001）。Flexabs 和 Extabs 随着年龄的增长几乎增加了 2 倍，无论是男性还是女性（Flexabs、Extabs：p < 0.001）。Flexnorm 和 Extnorm 随年龄的增长而增加，男性（p < 0.001），但女性则不然（Flexnorm：p = 0.26；Extnorm：p = 0.20）。RKquot（平均值±标准差：0.71 ± 0.16）在年龄（p = 0.87）或性别（p = 0.43）方面均未显示出任何差异。在青少年运动员中，必须根据性别和年龄来讨论最大躯干力量。Flexabs/Extabs 比显示出伸肌优势，这似乎与年龄和性别无关。评估的数值可作为评估和讨论运动员躯干力量的基础。
