School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nat Mater. 2013 Nov;12(11):1004-17. doi: 10.1038/nmat3758.
Macroscale drug delivery (MDD) devices are engineered to exert spatiotemporal control over the presentation of a wide range of bioactive agents, including small molecules, proteins and cells. In contrast to systemically delivered drugs, MDD systems act as a depot of drug localized to the treatment site, which can increase drug effectiveness while reducing side effects and confer protection to labile drugs. In this Review, we highlight the key advantages of MDD systems, describe their mechanisms of spatiotemporal control and provide guidelines for the selection of carrier materials. We also discuss the combination of MDD technologies with classic medical devices to create multifunctional MDD devices that improve integration with host tissue, and the use of MDD technology in tissue-engineering strategies to direct cell behaviour. As our ever-expanding knowledge of human biology and disease provides new therapeutic targets that require precise control over their application, the importance of MDD devices in medicine is expected to increase.
宏观药物输送（MDD）装置旨在对多种生物活性剂（包括小分子、蛋白质和细胞）的呈现进行时空控制。与全身给药的药物相比，MDD 系统作为药物的储存库，将药物定位在治疗部位，这可以提高药物的有效性，同时减少副作用，并为不稳定的药物提供保护。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 MDD 系统的关键优势，描述了它们时空控制的机制，并为载体材料的选择提供了指导。我们还讨论了将 MDD 技术与经典医疗器械相结合，创建多功能 MDD 设备，以改善与宿主组织的整合，以及将 MDD 技术用于组织工程策略以指导细胞行为。随着我们对人类生物学和疾病的不断扩展的认识为需要精确控制其应用的新治疗靶点提供了依据，预计 MDD 装置在医学中的重要性将会增加。
