Pimentel Mark, Mathur Ruchi, Chang Christopher
GI Motility Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8730 Alden Drive, Suite 201E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013 Dec;15(12):356. doi: 10.1007/s11894-013-0356-y.
Humans are host to trillions of microbial colonizers that contribute significantly to human health and disease. Advances in sequencing and other technologies have facilitated dramatic advances in our knowledge of the types and number of organisms colonizing different areas of the body, and while our knowledge of the roles played by the different bacteria, fungi, and archaea has increased dramatically, there remains much to uncover. The microbes that colonize the human gut contribute to vitamin biosynthesis, immune modulation, and the breakdown of otherwise indigestible foods for nutrient harvest. Bacteria and archaea produce various gases as by-products of fermentation, and it is becoming increasingly understood that these gases have both direct and indirect effects on the gut, and may also be used as diagnostic markers, e.g., hydrogen production as measured by breath testing can be used to diagnose bacterial overgrowth. In this article, we review the roles and effects of hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human gut.
人体内寄生着数万亿的微生物，它们对人类健康和疾病有着重大影响。测序技术和其他技术的进步极大地推动了我们对定殖于人体不同部位的微生物种类和数量的认识。尽管我们对不同细菌、真菌和古菌所起的作用已有了大幅增加的了解，但仍有许多有待揭示。定殖于人体肠道的微生物有助于维生素生物合成、免疫调节，以及分解原本难以消化的食物以获取营养。细菌和古菌在发酵过程中会产生各种气体作为副产物，人们越来越认识到这些气体对肠道有直接和间接影响，还可能用作诊断标志物，例如通过呼气测试测量的氢气产生量可用于诊断细菌过度生长。在本文中，我们综述了氢气（H₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和硫化氢（H₂S）在人体肠道中的作用和影响。
