Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Feb;24(1):e1-10. doi: 10.1111/sms.12123. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
The purpose of this review was to determine whether very elderly muscle (>75 years) hypertrophies in response to physical training. The databases MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus were systematically literature searched with reference lists of all included studies and relevant reviews. Controlled trials (inactive elderly control group) involving healthy elderly participants over 75 years participating in an intervention complying with an established definition of physical training were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using the PEDro scale. Data analysis was performed on muscle size and strength using RevMan (software version 5.1). Four studies were included of which four of four measured changes in gross muscle size. Training induced increases in muscle size from 1.5%-15.6% were reported in three of four studies, and one of four studies reported a decrease in muscle size (3%). The greatest gain in muscle mass was observed in a study of whole body vibration training. Meta-analysis of three studies found an increase of thigh muscle cross-sectional area (mean difference 2.31 cm(2) or 0.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62 to 4.00; P = 0.008) and muscle strength (standardized mean difference 1.04, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.43; P < 0.001). Physical training when delivered as resistance training has the ability to elicit hypertrophy and increase muscle strength in very elderly muscle.
本次综述旨在确定非常高龄（>75 岁）肌肉是否会对身体训练产生反应而发生肥大。我们系统性地检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL Plus 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库，并查阅了所有纳入研究的参考文献和相关综述。本研究纳入了涉及健康高龄参与者（>75 岁）的对照试验，这些参与者未参加任何活动，且参与了符合既定身体训练定义的干预措施。我们使用 PEDro 量表进行数据提取和质量评估，使用 RevMan（软件版本 5.1）分析肌肉大小和力量数据。纳入了四项研究，其中四项研究均测量了肌肉总体大小的变化。四项研究中的三项报告了训练引起的肌肉大小增加了 1.5%-15.6%，四项研究中的一项报告了肌肉大小减少（3%）。全身振动训练的研究中观察到肌肉质量增加最大。三项研究的荟萃分析发现，大腿肌肉横截面积增加（平均差值 2.31cm²或 0.2%，95%置信区间（CI）：0.62 至 4.00；P=0.008）和肌肉力量增加（标准化平均差值 1.04，95%CI：0.65 至 1.43；P<0.001）。当作为抗阻训练进行时，身体训练有能力引起非常高龄肌肉的肥大和肌肉力量增加。
