Acta Pharm. 2013 Sep;63(3):335-58. doi: 10.2478/acph-2013-0021.
Nanosponges are a novel class of hyper-crosslinked polymer based colloidal structures consisting of solid nanoparticles with colloidal sizes and nanosized cavities. These nano-sized colloidal carriers have been recently developed and proposed for drug delivery, since their use can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs and provide prolonged release as well as improve a drug's bioavailability by modifying the pharmacokinetic parameters of actives. Development of nanosponges as drug delivery systems, with special reference to cyclodextrin based nanosponges, is presented in this article. In the current review, attempts have been made to illustrate the features of cyclodextrin based nanosponges and their applications in pharmaceutical formulations. Special emphasis has been placed on discussing the methods of preparation, characterization techniques and applications of these novel drug delivery carriers for therapeutic purposes. Nanosponges can be referred to as solid porous particles having a capacity to load drugs and other actives into their nanocavity; they can be formulated as oral, parenteral, topical or inhalation dosage forms. Nanosponges offer high drug loading compared to other nanocarriers and are thus suitable for solving issues related to stability, solubility and delayed release of actives. Controlled release of the loaded actives and solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs are major advantages of nanosponge drug delivery systems.
纳米海绵是一类新型的超交联聚合物胶体结构，由具有胶体尺寸和纳米尺寸空腔的固体纳米颗粒组成。这些纳米级胶体载体最近已经被开发并被提议用于药物传递，因为它们的使用可以增溶疏水性差的药物，并通过改变药物的药代动力学参数来提供延长的释放和提高药物的生物利用度。本文介绍了纳米海绵作为药物传递系统的发展，特别是基于环糊精的纳米海绵。在目前的综述中，尝试说明了基于环糊精的纳米海绵的特性及其在药物制剂中的应用。特别强调了讨论这些新型药物传递载体的制备方法、表征技术和治疗用途的应用。纳米海绵可以被称为具有将药物和其他活性剂装载到其纳米腔内的能力的固体多孔颗粒；它们可以被制成口服、肠胃外、局部或吸入的剂型。与其他纳米载体相比，纳米海绵具有更高的药物载药量，因此适合解决与活性剂的稳定性、溶解度和延迟释放相关的问题。负载活性剂的控释和疏水性差的药物的溶解度增强是纳米海绵药物传递系统的主要优点。
