Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
Singapore Med J. 2013 Oct;54(10):538-51. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2013197.
Rehabilitation medicine is the medical specialty that integrates rehabilitation as its core therapeutic modality in disability management. More than a billion people worldwide are disabled, and the World Health Organization has developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework through which disability is addressed. Herein, we explore paradigm shifts in neurorehabilitation, with a focus on restoration, and provide overviews on developments in neuropharmacology, rehabilitation robotics, virtual reality, constraint-induced therapy and brain stimulation. We also discuss important issues in rehabilitation systems of care, including integrated care pathways, very early rehabilitation, early supported discharge and telerehabilitation. Finally, we highlight major new fields of rehabilitation such as spasticity management, frailty and geriatric rehabilitation, intensive care and cancer rehabilitation.
康复医学是将康复作为其核心治疗方式的医学专业，用于残疾管理。全球有超过 10 亿人残疾，世界卫生组织制定了《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》作为残疾问题的处理框架。在此，我们探讨神经康复的范式转变，重点是恢复，并概述神经药理学、康复机器人、虚拟现实、强制性诱导治疗和脑刺激的发展。我们还讨论了康复护理系统中的重要问题，包括综合护理途径、非常早期康复、早期支持出院和远程康复。最后，我们强调了康复的一些主要新领域，如痉挛管理、虚弱和老年康复、重症监护和癌症康复。
