Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Jan;150(1):6-15. doi: 10.1177/0194599813509589. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Traditionally, otologists have aimed to produce a clean, dry, safe ear with the best possible hearing result. More recently, "less invasively" has been added to this list of goals. The development of small-diameter, high-quality rigid endoscopes and high-definition video systems has made totally endoscopic, transcanal surgery a reality in adult otology and a possibility in pediatric otology. This article reviews the anatomy of the pediatric middle ear and its surrounding airspaces and structures based on the work of dozens of researchers over the past 50 years. It will focus on the developmental changes in ear anatomy from birth through the first decade, when structure and function change most rapidly. Understanding the limits and possibilities afforded by new endoscopic technologies, the pediatric otologist can strive for results matching or exceeding those achieved by more invasive surgical approaches.
传统上，耳科医生的目标是在获得最佳听力效果的同时，使耳朵保持清洁、干燥、安全。最近，“微创”也被加入了这个目标列表中。小直径、高质量的刚性内窥镜和高清视频系统的发展，使得成人耳科的全内镜、经耳道手术成为现实，在小儿耳科也成为一种可能。本文回顾了过去 50 年来数十名研究人员的工作，基于这些工作，介绍了小儿中耳及其周围气腔和结构的解剖学。本文将重点介绍从出生到第一个十年期间，耳解剖结构的发育变化，这一时期结构和功能变化最快。了解新的内窥镜技术所提供的限制和可能性，小儿耳科医生可以努力获得与更具侵袭性的手术方法相当或更好的结果。
