INRA/UBP UMR 1095, Centre de Clermont Ferrand-Theix, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63100, Clermont Ferrand, France.
Plant J. 2013 Dec;76(6):1030-44. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12366. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
Bread wheat derives from a grass ancestor structured in seven protochromosomes followed by a paleotetraploidization to reach a 12 chromosomes intermediate and a neohexaploidization (involving subgenomes A, B and D) event that finally shaped the 21 modern chromosomes. Insights into wheat syntenome in sequencing conserved orthologous set (COS) genes unravelled differences in genomic structure (such as gene conservation and diversity) and genetical landscape (such as recombination pattern) between ancestral as well as recent duplicated blocks. Contrasted evolutionary plasticity is observed where the B subgenome appears more sensitive (i.e. plastic) in contrast to A as dominant (i.e. stable) in response to the neotetraploidization and D subgenome as supra-dominant (i.e. pivotal) in response to the neohexaploidization event. Finally, the wheat syntenome, delivered through a public web interface PlantSyntenyViewer at http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/synteny-wheat, can be considered as a guide for accelerated dissection of major agronomical traits in wheat.
面包小麦源自一种结构为七组原染色体的草类祖先，随后经历了一次古四倍体化，达到了 12 条染色体的中间状态，接着又经历了一次新的六倍体化（涉及 A、B 和 D 亚基因组）事件，最终形成了 21 条现代染色体。通过对测序保守直系同源基因集 (COS) 进行研究，揭示了在祖先和近期重复区之间基因组结构（如基因保守性和多样性）和遗传景观（如重组模式）的差异。在 B 亚基因组中观察到相反的进化可塑性，与 A 相比，B 亚基因组对新四倍体化更敏感（即更具可塑性），而 D 亚基因组对新六倍体化更具优势（即更具主导性）。最后，通过公共网络界面 PlantSyntenyViewer（网址为 http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/synteny-wheat）提供的小麦综合基因组，可以被视为加速解析小麦主要农艺性状的指南。
