对生育和育儿态度量表的评估：对瑞典尚未成为母亲的女性的新工具的评估。
Attitudes toward fertility and childbearing scale: an assessment of a new instrument for women who are not yet mothers in Sweden.
机构信息
Institution of Reproductive Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Retziusväg 13 A, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013 Oct 28;13:197. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-197.
BACKGROUND
Women in high-resource countries often postpone childbearing. Postponed childbearing may lead to increased health risks for both mother and child and may also result in childlessness. Attitudes among men and women about fertility and childbearing have been studied in different phases of fertile life, but instruments that assess attitudes toward fertility and childbearing among women without children are lacking. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a specific instrument, the Attitudes toward Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS), to assess and compare attitudes toward fertility and childbearing using a national sample of Swedish women, who are not yet mothers.
METHODS
This study reports on the development of a new instrument and was carried out in three steps: (1) Statements were constructed based on two qualitative studies; (2) Data were collected through web-based questionnaires, and (3) Data were analyzed using statistical tests for construct validity with exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, and comparative statistics. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to analyze differences between the components and background characteristics. One hundred and thirty-eight women participated; they were 20-30 years of age, not mothers, and able to read and speak Swedish.
RESULTS
The instrument showed acceptable sample adequacy, factorability, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Three components were revealed, each one representing a specific underlying dimension of the construct: 1) importance of fertility for the future (Cronbach's α, 0.901); 2) childbearing as a hindrance at present (Cronbach's α, 0.908); and 3) social identity (Cronbach's α, 0.805). Women who were students scored higher in importance of fertility for the future than did women who were unemployed. Women living in metropolitan areas and larger cities were more likely to score highly in childbearing as a hindrance at present than women living in middle-sized cities or in the countryside. Women in the age group from 25-26 agreed to the largest extent with childbearing as a hindrance at present.
CONCLUSIONS
The instrument shows acceptable factorability and reliability. Three components were found to be the best solution. Further evaluation is necessary.
背景
高收入国家的女性常常推迟生育。这种生育推迟可能会给母婴双方带来更多的健康风险，也可能导致不孕。人们已经在女性生育周期的不同阶段研究了男性和女性对生育和生育的态度，但缺乏针对没有孩子的女性生育和生育态度的评估工具。本研究旨在开发和评估一种特定的工具，即生育和生育态度量表（AFCS），以评估和比较具有全国代表性的瑞典未生育女性的生育和生育态度。
方法
本研究报告了一种新工具的开发情况，共分三个步骤进行：（1）根据两项定性研究制定陈述；（2）通过基于网络的问卷收集数据；（3）使用探索性因素分析、内部一致性信度和比较统计进行统计检验，对结构有效性进行数据分析。采用学生 t 检验和方差分析（ANOVA）分析各组成部分和背景特征之间的差异。138 名年龄在 20-30 岁、非母亲、能够阅读和说瑞典语的女性参与了研究。
结果
该工具的样本充足性、可因子化和可靠性均通过 Cronbach's alpha 得到了验证。结果显示有三个组成部分，每个组成部分代表了该结构的一个特定潜在维度：1）生育对未来的重要性（Cronbach's α，0.901）；2）生育对现在的阻碍（Cronbach's α，0.908）；3）社会认同（Cronbach's α，0.805）。与失业女性相比，学生群体的生育对未来的重要性得分更高。与居住在中等城市或农村的女性相比，居住在大都市区和较大城市的女性在生育对现在的阻碍方面的得分更高。年龄在 25-26 岁的女性在生育对现在的阻碍方面最认同。
结论
该工具的可因子化和可靠性均得到验证。研究发现三个组成部分是最佳解决方案。还需要进一步评估。
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