Buckner Randy L
Harvard University Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013 Sep;15(3):351-8. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.3/rbuckner.
The brain's default network is a set of regions that is spontaneously active during passive moments. The network is also active during directed tasks that require participants to remember past events or imagine upcoming events. One hypothesis is that the network facilitates construction of mental models (simulations) that can be used adaptively in many contexts. Extensive research has considered whether disruption of the default network may contribute to disease. While an intriguing possibility, a specific challenge to this notion is the fact that it is difficult to accurately measure the default network in patients where confounds of head motion and compliance are prominent. Nonetheless, some intriguing recent findings suggest that dysfunctional interactions between front-oparietal control systems and the default network contribute to psychosis. Psychosis may be a network disturbance that manifests as disordered thought partly because it disrupts the fragile balance between the default network and competing brain systems.
大脑的默认网络是一组在被动状态下自发活跃的区域。在要求参与者回忆过去事件或想象未来事件的定向任务中，该网络也会活跃。一种假设是，该网络有助于构建心理模型（模拟），这些模型可在多种情境中适应性地使用。大量研究探讨了默认网络的破坏是否可能导致疾病。尽管这是一个有趣的可能性，但这一观点面临的一个具体挑战是，在头部运动和依从性混淆因素较为突出的患者中，很难准确测量默认网络。尽管如此，最近一些有趣的发现表明，额顶叶控制系统与默认网络之间的功能失调相互作用会导致精神病。精神病可能是一种网络紊乱，表现为思维混乱，部分原因是它破坏了默认网络与相互竞争的大脑系统之间脆弱的平衡。
