Hayden F G
Antiviral Res. 1985;Suppl 1:229-39. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(85)80033-4.
Table III summarizes clinical applications of antiviral agents in respiratory viral infections. (table: see text) For influenza A virus infections, both oral amantadine and rimantadine are effective when used for seasonal prophylaxis and for prophylaxis in institutional populations. Both of these drugs, as well as aerosolized ribavirin, have antiviral and therapeutic effects in uncomplicated influenza. It remains to be determined whether any of these modalities or possibly their combined use [44] will be useful in treating severe influenza hospitalized patients or whether they can prevent the development of complications in high risk patients. Unfortunately, there is no parenteral formulation of amantadine or rimantadine for use in critically ill patients. Aerosolized ribavirin has also been shown to have modest therapeutic effects in influenza B virus infection. However, a major need exists for an antiviral which is active against influenza B virus and which can be used on an outpatient basis. Controlled clinical trials have shown that aerosolized ribavirin therapy improves arterial oxygenation and modifies the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and pneumonia [3,5]. Its role in treating life-threatening disease or in modifying the long-term sequelae of RSV infections are unknown at the present time. Again, a specific antiviral agent is needed for outpatient use in preventing or treating RSV infections. Finally, after over a decade of work since the original observation that intranasal interferon could prevent experimental rhinovirus infection [11], recent studies have established that intranasal rIFN-a2 is effective in the postexposure prophylaxis of rhinovirus colds in families [42]. This strategy needs to be studied with regard to the prevention of infection and its complications in high risk patients and it remains to be determined whether intranasal interferon will have therapeutic activity in established colds.
表III总结了抗病毒药物在呼吸道病毒感染中的临床应用。（表格：见正文）对于甲型流感病毒感染，口服金刚烷胺和甲基金刚烷胺用于季节性预防以及机构人群的预防时均有效。这两种药物以及雾化利巴韦林在单纯性流感中均具有抗病毒和治疗作用。这些方法中的任何一种或它们的联合使用[44]是否对治疗住院的重症流感患者有用，或者它们是否能预防高危患者并发症的发生，仍有待确定。不幸的是，没有金刚烷胺或甲基金刚烷胺的肠胃外制剂用于重症患者。雾化利巴韦林在乙型流感病毒感染中也已显示出适度的治疗作用。然而，迫切需要一种对乙型流感病毒有活性且可在门诊使用的抗病毒药物。对照临床试验表明，雾化利巴韦林疗法可改善动脉氧合，并改变呼吸道合胞病毒细支气管炎和肺炎的严重程度[3,5]。目前尚不清楚其在治疗危及生命的疾病或改变呼吸道合胞病毒感染的长期后遗症方面的作用。同样，需要一种特定的抗病毒药物用于门诊预防或治疗呼吸道合胞病毒感染。最后，自最初观察到鼻内干扰素可预防实验性鼻病毒感染[11]以来，经过十多年的研究，最近的研究证实鼻内重组干扰素α2在家庭中对鼻病毒感冒的暴露后预防有效[42]。需要对这种策略在高危患者感染及其并发症预防方面进行研究，并且鼻内干扰素在已确诊感冒中是否具有治疗活性仍有待确定。
