Department of Ob/Gyn, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Center for Fetal diagnosis and Therapy, Wayne State university, Detroit, MI.
Semin Perinatol. 2013 Oct;37(5):295-300. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2013.06.004.
Ultrasound is, arguably, the most commonly used diagnostic procedure in obstetrics. It is convenient, painless, yields immediate, extensive results, and is widely considered to be safe. Some (but not all) benefits described in the literature have been validated by evidence-based analysis, such as pregnancy dating. Others are considered clinically useful, although objective evidence may be less strong. As is the case with almost any medical procedure, however, its performance carries some risks: misdiagnosis on the one hand and possible undesired effects on the other. The general belief exists that diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) does not pose any risk to the pregnant patient nor to her fetus. Nonetheless, ultrasound is a form of energy and, as such, demonstrates effects in biological tissues it traverses (bioeffects). The physical mechanisms responsible for these effects are thermal or non-thermal (mechanical). It is the role of science to show whether any of these bioeffects may be harmful. A risk-benefit analysis may also be important, as well as education of the end users to assure patients' safety.
超声检查可以说是妇产科最常用的诊断程序。它方便、无痛、能立即提供广泛的结果，并且被广泛认为是安全的。文献中描述的一些（但不是全部）益处已经通过基于证据的分析得到了验证，例如妊娠分期。其他的则被认为具有临床意义，尽管客观证据可能不那么强。然而，与几乎任何医疗程序一样，它的性能都存在一些风险：一方面是误诊，另一方面是可能对孕妇及其胎儿产生不良影响。人们普遍认为，诊断性超声（DUS）不会对孕妇或胎儿造成任何风险。尽管如此，超声是一种能量形式，因此在其穿透的生物组织中表现出生物效应（生物效应）。负责这些效应的物理机制是热或非热（机械）的。科学的作用是表明这些生物效应是否可能有害。风险效益分析也很重要，对终端用户进行教育以确保患者的安全也很重要。
