Steinberg D D
Department of English as a Second Language, University of Hawaii, 96822, Honolulu, Hawaii.
J Psycholinguist Res. 1973 Sep;2(3):239-58. doi: 10.1007/BF01067104.
Chomsky and Halle claim that an orthography based on their underlying phonological representations (UPR) of lexical items would be optimal for English. This paper challenges three of C & H's basic phonological assumptions, that their vowel shift rule is valid, that the UPR is the only sound representation to be listed in the lexicon, and that derived words do not appear as wholes in the lexicon. A less abstract phonological representation level based on the conscious perceptions of speakers, the surface phonemic (SPR), is proposed. An SPR-based orthography has advantages which a UPR-based orthography would not: it is easy to learn and teach, it can be learned at an early age, and it permits rapid detection of rhyme. It is concluded that an orthography based on SPRs, and not UPRs, would be optimal.
乔姆斯基和哈勒声称，基于词汇项目的底层音系表征（UPR）的正字法对英语来说是最优的。本文对乔姆斯基和哈勒的三个基本音系假设提出了质疑，即他们的元音转换规则是有效的，UPR是词典中唯一列出的语音表征，以及派生词在词典中不是作为整体出现的。本文提出了一个基于说话者有意识感知的、不那么抽象的音系表征层面，即表面音位（SPR）。基于SPR的正字法具有基于UPR的正字法所不具备的优势：它易于学习和教授，可以在早年学习，并且能够快速检测押韵。得出的结论是，基于SPR而非UPR的正字法将是最优的。
