Taft Marcus
School of Psychology, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2006 Jan;35(1):67-78. doi: 10.1007/s10936-005-9004-5.
It is typically assumed that when orthography is translated silently into phonology (i.e., when reading silently), the phonological representation is equivalent to the spoken form or, at least, the surface phonemic form. The research presented here demonstrates that the phonological representation is likely to be more abstract than this, and is orthographically influenced. For example, the claim is made that the word "corn" has an underlying /r/ in its phonological representation, even in non-rhotic dialects. The evidence comes from difficulties observed in judgements about the homophony with a target word of a pseudohomophone whose phonology does not match the putative abstract representation of that word. For example, it is hard to say that the pseudohomophone "cawn" is homophonic with "corn". The conclusion that orthography can shape phonological representation is antithetical to both computational models of the conversion of print to sound and linguistic accounts of phonology.
通常认为，当正字法被无声地转换为音系（即默读时），音系表征等同于口语形式，或者至少等同于表层音素形式。此处呈现的研究表明，音系表征可能比这更抽象，并且受到正字法的影响。例如，有人认为，即使在非r音方言中，“corn”这个词在其音系表征中也有一个潜在的/r/。证据来自于判断一个假同音字与目标词同音时所观察到的困难，该假同音字的音系与该词假定的抽象表征不匹配。例如，很难说假同音字“cawn”与“corn”同音。正字法能够塑造音系表征这一结论，与从印刷体到声音转换的计算模型以及音系学的语言学解释都背道而驰。
