Carrillo A E, Koutedakis Y, Flouris A D
Centre for Research and Technology Thessaly FAME Laboratory, Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation Trikala Greece.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2013 Nov 3;59(1):84-8.
Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammalian mothers and is essential for the health and survival of the newborn. Bovine colostrum (BC) has greater concentrations of the bioactive components (i.e. immune and growth factors) than those found in human colostrum. As a result, BC supplementation has been recently adopted by many sport competitors as a means of enhancing immune function as well as improving performance. Improvements in physical performance associated with BC supplementation may stem from the ability of BC to maintain gastrointestinal (GI) integrity by decreasing GI permeability. During exercise in the heat, blood flow to the GI tract is reduced that leads to endotoxin leakage into circulation. Endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide, can trigger an inflammatory cascade leading to physiological strain that, in turn, increases heat storage and decreases time to exhaustion. GI permeability is lessened during passive heat stress following BC supplementation, but the influence of BC supplementation on GI function during exercise heat stress remains to be determined. The implications of endotoxemia during exercise in the heat is a matter of growing importance and warrants further study given the global increase in ambient temperatures during sport competitions.
初乳是哺乳动物母亲分泌的第一乳，对新生儿的健康和存活至关重要。牛初乳（BC）中生物活性成分（即免疫和生长因子）的浓度高于人初乳。因此，最近许多体育运动员采用补充牛初乳来增强免疫功能并提高成绩。与补充牛初乳相关的体能改善可能源于牛初乳通过降低胃肠道（GI）通透性来维持胃肠道完整性的能力。在热环境中运动时，流向胃肠道的血流量减少，导致内毒素泄漏到循环系统中。内毒素，如脂多糖，可引发炎症级联反应，导致生理应激，进而增加热量储存并缩短疲劳时间。补充牛初乳后，在被动热应激期间胃肠道通透性会降低，但补充牛初乳对运动热应激期间胃肠道功能的影响仍有待确定。鉴于体育比赛期间全球环境温度升高，热环境中运动期间内毒素血症的影响日益重要，值得进一步研究。
