Nekhendzy Vladimir, Ramaiah Vijay K
Stanford Head and Neck Anesthesia, Advanced Airway Management Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2013 Nov;21(4):559-77. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2013.07.011.
Although office-based anesthesia for facial cosmetic surgery remains remarkably safe, no anesthesia or sedation performed outside the operating room should be considered minor. Proper organization, preparation, and patient selection, close collaboration with the surgeon, and expert and effective anesthesia care will increase patient safety and improve perioperative outcomes and patient satisfaction. This article presents a comprehensive overview of anesthesia in terms of facial plastic surgery procedures, beginning with a broad review of essentials and pitfalls of anesthesia, followed by details of specific anesthetic agents, their administration, mechanism of action, and complications.
尽管面部整形手术的门诊麻醉安全性依然很高，但任何在手术室之外实施的麻醉或镇静都不应被视为小手术。合理的组织、准备和患者选择，与外科医生的密切协作，以及专业有效的麻醉护理，将提高患者安全性，改善围手术期结局并提升患者满意度。本文对面部整形手术的麻醉进行了全面概述，首先广泛回顾麻醉的要点和陷阱，随后详细介绍特定麻醉药物、其给药方式、作用机制及并发症。
