Richelson E, Snyder K, Carlson J, Johnson M, Turner S, Lumry A, Boerwinkle E, Sing C F
Am J Psychiatry. 1986 Apr;143(4):457-62. doi: 10.1176/ajp.143.4.457.
The authors measured the in vitro lithium ion ratio and maximal rate of sodium-lithium countertransport in erythrocytes of 739 randomly selected blood donors and 42 manic-depressive patients to determine the frequency distributions of these two variables in a general population and their relationship to one another and to affective illness. A large interindividual variation was found for the ratio and countertransport, and there was evidence of bimodality in the frequency distributions for these two traits. There was a moderate negative correlation (r = -.61) between the ratio and countertransport for 126 individuals. Neither the ratio nor countertransport was found to be a useful marker for affective illness.