University of California, San Diego.
Ann Behav Med. 1996 Mar;18(1):67-72. doi: 10.1007/BF02903942.
and older are compliant with the age-specific guidelines for mammography. Cost has often been identified as the greatest barrier to mammography utilization. This study examined adherence to mammography screening guidelines as well as the motivators and barriers to mammography usage among a community-based sample of 1,134 middle- and upper-middle-class, relatively welleducated women aged 55 and older, all of whom had access to health care. A mailed questionnaire using open-ended (unleading) questions was used to assess motivators and barriers to regular mammography. Women were classified as never-users (11.6%), sporadic-users (38.5%), and annual- users (49. 9%). Neverusers were significantly older than women in the other two groups. A nnual- users were significantly more likely to be current estrogen users, report a history of reproductive cancer, and rate their health as excellent or good. Major motivators for mammography included the recommendation of a health care provider, familiarity with mammography via the media, and belief in its efficacy. This cohort of women who had the advantage of health care access nevertheless reported low annual mammography rates and identified several barriers to seeking the procedure. Important barriers to mammography included fear of pain, fear of radiation, and lack of perceived need. After adjustment for age, estrogen use, cancer history, and personal health, never-users and sporadicusers reported significantly fewer motivators and more barriers than annual-users. Results indicate the importance of health education and outreach for older women in every socioeconomic strata.
并且年龄较大的人符合特定年龄段的乳房 X 光检查指南。费用通常被认为是乳房 X 光检查利用的最大障碍。本研究检查了在基于社区的 1134 名 55 岁及以上的中上层和中上阶层、受过相对良好教育的女性中，对乳房 X 光筛查指南的遵守情况，以及乳房 X 光检查使用的动机和障碍，所有这些女性都可以获得医疗保健。使用开放式（非引导性）问题的邮寄问卷用于评估定期乳房 X 光检查的动机和障碍。将女性分为从未使用者（11.6%）、偶发使用者（38.5%）和年度使用者（49.9%）。从未使用者明显比其他两组女性年龄大。年度使用者更有可能是当前雌激素使用者，报告有生殖系统癌症史，并将其健康状况评为优秀或良好。乳房 X 光检查的主要动机包括医疗保健提供者的建议、通过媒体对乳房 X 光检查的熟悉程度以及对其疗效的信任。尽管这群有医疗保健机会的女性报告的年度乳房 X 光检查率较低，并发现了一些寻求该程序的障碍，但她们仍然存在一些障碍。乳房 X 光检查的重要障碍包括对疼痛、辐射的恐惧和缺乏感知到的需求。在调整年龄、雌激素使用、癌症史和个人健康状况后，从未使用者和偶发使用者报告的动机明显少于年度使用者，而障碍明显多于年度使用者。结果表明，对每个社会经济阶层的老年女性进行健康教育和外展非常重要。
