Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013 Nov;20(6):500-7. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.06.003.
Nanoparticles are an enabling technology for the creation of tissue-/cell-specific therapeutics that have been investigated extensively as targeted therapeutics for cancer. The kidney, specifically the glomerulus, is another accessible site for nanoparticle delivery that has been relatively overlooked as a target organ. Given the medical need for the development of more potent, kidney-targeted therapies, the use of nanoparticle-based therapeutics may be one such solution to this problem. Here, we review the literature on nanoparticle targeting of the glomerulus. Specifically, we provide a broad overview of nanoparticle-based therapeutics and how the unique structural characteristics of the glomerulus allow for selective, nanoparticle targeting of this area of the kidney. We then summarize literature examples of nanoparticle delivery to the glomerulus and elaborate on the appropriate nanoparticle design criteria for glomerular targeting. Finally, we discuss the behavior of nanoparticles in animal models of diseased glomeruli and review examples of nanoparticle therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in animal models of glomerulonephritic disease.
纳米颗粒是一种能够实现组织/细胞特异性治疗的技术，已被广泛研究作为癌症的靶向治疗。肾脏，特别是肾小球，是另一个可用于纳米颗粒输送的部位，但作为靶器官，它一直被相对忽视。鉴于开发更有效、针对肾脏的治疗方法的医疗需求，使用基于纳米颗粒的治疗方法可能是解决这个问题的一种方法。在这里，我们回顾了关于肾小球靶向纳米颗粒的文献。具体来说，我们提供了一个广泛的纳米颗粒治疗方法概述，以及肾小球的独特结构特征如何允许对肾脏的这一区域进行选择性的纳米颗粒靶向。然后，我们总结了将纳米颗粒递送到肾小球的文献实例，并详细阐述了肾小球靶向的适当纳米颗粒设计标准。最后，我们讨论了纳米颗粒在患病肾小球动物模型中的行为，并回顾了在肾小球肾炎动物模型中表现出前景的纳米颗粒治疗方法的实例。
