Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Mol Pharm. 2021 Sep 6;18(9):3206-3222. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00511. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), have become a global public health concern associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. However, at present, very few effective and specific drug therapies are available, owing to the poor therapeutic efficacy and systemic side effects. Kidney-targeted drug delivery, as a potential strategy for solving these problems, has received great attention in the fields of AKI and CKD in recent years. Here, we review the literature on renal targeted, more specifically, renal cell-targeted formulations of AKI and CKD that offered biodistribution data. First, we provide a broad overview of the unique structural characteristics and injured cells of acute and chronic injured kidneys. We then separately summarize literature examples of renal targeted formulations according to the difference of target cells and elaborate on the appropriate formulation design criteria for AKI and CKD. Finally, we propose a hypothetic strategy to improve the renal accumulation of glomerular cell-targeted formulation by escaping the uptake of the reticuloendothelial system and provide some perspectives for future studies.
肾脏疾病，包括急性肾损伤（AKI）和慢性肾脏病（CKD），已成为一个全球性的公共卫生关注点，与高发病率、死亡率和医疗保健成本相关。然而，由于治疗效果差和全身副作用，目前几乎没有有效的、特异性的药物治疗方法。肾脏靶向药物递送作为解决这些问题的一种潜在策略，近年来在 AKI 和 CKD 领域受到了极大关注。在这里，我们综述了关于肾脏靶向的文献，更具体地说，是关于 AKI 和 CKD 的肾细胞靶向制剂的文献，这些制剂提供了生物分布数据。首先，我们广泛概述了急性和慢性损伤肾脏的独特结构特征和损伤细胞。然后，我们根据靶细胞的差异分别总结了肾脏靶向制剂的文献实例，并详细阐述了 AKI 和 CKD 的适当制剂设计标准。最后，我们提出了一种假设策略，通过逃避网状内皮系统的摄取来提高肾小球细胞靶向制剂的肾脏积累，并为未来的研究提供了一些观点。
