Turner K J, Dowse G K, Stewart G A, Alpers M P
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986 Apr;77(4):558-66. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(86)90345-3.
The prevalence of asthma and allergic responsiveness in rural and urban children of the highlands of Papua New Guinea was studied. Bronchial provocation studies with histamine demonstrated significant bronchial hyperreactivity in 0.5% (1 in 195) rural and 1.7% (1 in 59) urban children, rates which were significantly lower than those observed in corresponding adult populations (7%). Urban children demonstrated a higher incidence of skin test reactivity toward Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and dog dander than did the rural children. However, there were no significant differences between these populations with regard to total serum IgE levels, the degree of parasitism as judged by stool examination, or allergic responses to Ascaris suum, plantain, and coffee bean husk. A more detailed study demonstrated age- and sex-related differences in total IgE and mite-specific RAST scores in the rural but not the urban population. These data suggest an active suppression of the capacity of children to mount an IgE response to environmental allergens such as the mite manifesting itself as low asthma prevalence. The data also indicate that, although the underlying defect of bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma may be genetically inherited, it is not revealed until the lung has received an allergen-induced inflammatory insult.
对巴布亚新几内亚高地农村和城市儿童的哮喘患病率及过敏反应性进行了研究。用组胺进行支气管激发试验显示，农村儿童中有0.5%（195例中的1例）、城市儿童中有1.7%（59例中的1例）存在显著的支气管高反应性，这些比率显著低于相应成年人群中观察到的比率（7%）。城市儿童对尘螨、烟曲霉和狗皮屑的皮肤试验反应发生率高于农村儿童。然而，这些人群在总血清IgE水平、粪便检查判断的寄生虫感染程度或对猪蛔虫、车前草和咖啡豆壳的过敏反应方面没有显著差异。一项更详细的研究表明，农村人群而非城市人群在总IgE和螨特异性RAST评分方面存在年龄和性别相关差异。这些数据表明，儿童对环境过敏原（如螨）产生IgE反应的能力受到积极抑制，表现为哮喘患病率较低。数据还表明，尽管哮喘中支气管高反应性的潜在缺陷可能是遗传的，但直到肺部受到过敏原诱导的炎症损伤才会显现出来。
