Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Semin Liver Dis. 2013 Nov;33(4):330-42. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358520. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
Bile acids (BAs) are steroidal molecules generated in the liver by cholesterol oxidation. Beside their well-established role in lipid absorption and cholesterol homeostasis, they function as signaling molecules and activate dedicated BA receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G-protein coupled receptor TGR5. Through activation of downstream signaling pathways of these key receptors, BAs regulate not only their own synthesis and enterohepatic circulation, but also impact on hepatic lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis. Therefore, BA-regulated signaling pathways have emerged as attractive targets for understanding the regulation of hepatic triglyceride metabolism in health and disease and treating fatty liver disease and associated metabolic disorders.
胆汁酸（BAs）是胆固醇氧化在肝脏中产生的甾体分子。除了在脂质吸收和胆固醇稳态中发挥的重要作用外，它们还作为信号分子发挥作用，并激活特定的 BA 受体，如法尼醇 X 受体（FXR）和 G 蛋白偶联受体 TGR5。通过这些关键受体下游信号通路的激活，BAs 不仅调节自身的合成和肠肝循环，还影响肝脏脂质、葡萄糖和能量稳态。因此，BA 调节的信号通路已成为理解健康和疾病中肝脏甘油三酯代谢调节以及治疗脂肪肝疾病和相关代谢紊乱的有吸引力的靶点。
