Mettler L, Czuppon A B, Alexander N, D'Almeida M, Haas G G, Hjort T, Møller Jensen J, Ing R, Jones W R, Wang S X
J Reprod Immunol. 1985 Dec;8(4):301-12. doi: 10.1016/0165-0378(85)90004-x.
Various ELISA methods have been applied by different research centers to test the efficiency of this approach for the diagnosis of sperm-immune infertility cases. The antigens used were either whole spermatozoa or solubilized spermatozoal membrane preparations and were immobilized on microtiter plates, except in one case where plastic beads were employed. Polyvalent second antibodies or protein-A labelled with enzymes served as tracers. A high frequency of positive sera was found in all groups including fertile controls with tests using whole spermatozoa as antigen. The methods using solubilized antigen preparations showed fewer positives on the whole and correlated better with the various clinical categories of the WHO sera. Whilst there was some agreement in the results between the various laboratories on a few sera, most of the positive sera found by one laboratory were reported as negative by others. More investigative work is needed to improve reproducibility between different laboratories and to reduce non-specific reactions with normal controls. A more precise definition of the proper cut-off levels for positives and negatives is also needed. Despite these short-comings, the development of an ELISA for the diagnosis of sperm-immune infertility cases seems to be justified in the long term.
不同的研究中心采用了各种酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法来检测这种方法在诊断精子免疫性不育病例中的效率。所使用的抗原要么是完整的精子，要么是可溶解的精子细胞膜制剂，除了在一个使用塑料珠的案例中，这些抗原被固定在微量滴定板上。多价二抗或酶标记的蛋白A用作示踪剂。在所有组中，包括以完整精子作为抗原进行检测的生育对照组，都发现了高频率的阳性血清。使用可溶解抗原制剂的方法总体上阳性结果较少，并且与世界卫生组织（WHO）血清的各种临床类别相关性更好。虽然不同实验室对少数血清的结果有一些一致性，但一个实验室发现的大多数阳性血清在其他实验室报告为阴性。需要更多的研究工作来提高不同实验室之间的可重复性，并减少与正常对照的非特异性反应。还需要更精确地定义阳性和阴性的适当临界值。尽管有这些缺点，但从长远来看，开发一种用于诊断精子免疫性不育病例的ELISA似乎是合理的。
