Fleming Donald A, Woskie Susan R, Jones James H, Silver Sharon R, Luo Lian, Bertke Stephen J
a Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Industry-wide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2014;11(5):292-305. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2013.862591.
A retrospective exposure assessment was performed for use in a health outcomes study of a facility manufacturing circuit boards, business machines, and other equipment during the years 1969-2002. A matrix was developed identifying chemical use by department-year based on company-provided information. Use of six chemical agents (fiberglass, lead, methylene chloride, methyl chloroform, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene) and six chemical classes (acid-base, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, other hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, and metals), and general (including unspecified) chemicals was identified. The matrix also contained an assignment for each department-year categorizing the potential for use of chemicals as negligible, intermittent/incidental, or routine. These department-based exposure matrix data were combined with work history data to provide duration of potential chemical use for workers. Negligible, intermittent/incidental or routine extent-of-chemical-use categories comprised 42.6%, 39.4%, and 17.9%, respectively, of total person-years of employment. Cumulative exposure scores were also developed, representing a relative measure of the cumulative extent of potential exposure to the six chemical agents, six chemical classes, and general (including unspecified) chemicals. Additionally, the study period was divided into manufacturing eras showing trends in chemical use, and showing that process use of trichloroethylene and methylene chloride ended in the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s, respectively. This approach may be useful in other assessments addressing a variety of chemicals, and with data constraints common to retrospective chemical exposure studies.
为一项健康结果研究进行了回顾性暴露评估,该研究针对一家在1969年至2002年期间制造电路板、商用机器及其他设备的工厂。根据公司提供的信息,制定了一个矩阵,按部门-年份确定化学品的使用情况。确定了六种化学制剂(玻璃纤维、铅、二氯甲烷、三氯乙烷、全氯乙烯和三氯乙烯)、六种化学类别(酸碱、芳烃、氯代烃、其他烃类、氯氟烃和金属)以及一般(包括未指定的)化学品的使用情况。该矩阵还对每个部门-年份进行了分类,将化学品的使用可能性分为可忽略、间歇性/偶然或常规。这些基于部门的暴露矩阵数据与工作历史数据相结合,以提供工人潜在化学品使用的持续时间。化学品使用程度可忽略、间歇性/偶然或常规类别分别占总就业人年数的42.6%、39.4%和17.9%。还制定了累积暴露分数,代表对六种化学制剂、六种化学类别以及一般(包括未指定的)化学品潜在暴露累积程度的相对衡量。此外,研究期被划分为显示化学品使用趋势的制造时代,结果表明三氯乙烯和二氯甲烷的工艺使用分别在20世纪80年代中期和90年代中期结束。这种方法在处理各种化学品的其他评估以及回顾性化学暴露研究常见的数据限制方面可能有用。