Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 26;17(17):6190. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176190.
As part of the assessment and management of chemical risk and occupational hygiene, retrospective exposure assessment (REA) to chemical agents can be defined as the estimate of exposure associated with a person's work history. The fundamental problem underlying the reconstruction of the exposure is that of transforming this type of information in quantitative terms to obtain an accurate estimate. REA can follow various approaches, some of which are technically complicated and both time and resource consuming. The aim of this systematic review is to present the techniques mainly used for occupational REA. In order to carry out this evaluation, a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Forty-four studies were identified (published from 2010 to date) and analyzed. In exposure reconstruction studies, quantitative approaches should be preferable, especially when estimates will be used in the context of health impact assessment or epidemiology, although it is important to stress how, ideally, the experimental data available for the considered scenario should be used whenever possible as the main starting information base for further processing. To date, there is no single approach capable of providing an accurate estimate of exposure for each reasonably foreseeable condition and situation and the best approach generally depends on the level of information available for the specific case. The use of a combination of different reconstruction techniques can, therefore, represent a powerful tool for weighting and integrating data obtained through qualitative and quantitative approaches, in order to obtain the best possible estimate.
作为化学风险评估和职业卫生管理的一部分，化学剂回溯暴露评估（REA）可被定义为对与个人工作史相关的暴露的估计。暴露重建的根本问题是将这种类型的信息转化为定量信息，以获得准确的估计。REA 可以采用多种方法，其中一些方法在技术上很复杂，既费时又费资源。本系统综述的目的是介绍主要用于职业 REA 的技术。为了进行这项评估，对科学文献进行了系统综述。确定了 44 项研究（发表日期为 2010 年至今）并进行了分析。在暴露重建研究中，定量方法应该是首选，特别是当估计值将用于健康影响评估或流行病学时，尽管需要强调的是，在理想情况下，应尽可能使用针对所考虑情况的可用实验数据作为进一步处理的主要起始信息基础。迄今为止，还没有一种方法能够为每种合理可预见的情况和情况提供准确的暴露估计值，最佳方法通常取决于特定案例的可用信息水平。因此，使用不同重建技术的组合可以代表一种强大的工具，用于加权和整合通过定性和定量方法获得的数据，以获得尽可能好的估计值。
