Hardy J L, Milby M M, Wright M E, Beck A J, Presser S B, Bruen J P
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1977 Oct;13(4):383-92. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-13.4.383.
A serologic survey of the blacktail jackrabbit ( Lepus californicus ) for infections with 10 arboviruses was conducted from 1971 through 1974 along the Sacramento River in Butte County, California. Of 325 animals captured and bled a total of 493 times, 40% were found positive for hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody to California encephalitis (CE) virus, 34% to western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus, 20% to Buttonwillow virus, 15% to St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus and 12% to Main Drain virus. Only 5 and 2% of the animals had HI antibodies to Lokern and Turlock (TUR) viruses, respectively. There was no serologic evidence for infection of animals with Powassan, Modoc and Rio Bravo viruses. Differenles in monthly and yearly activities of some viruses were found by analyses of lata on antibody prevalence rates and immunologic conversions in recaptured animals. Experimental studies revealed that subadult jackrabbits were highly susceptible by subcutaneous inoculation to infection with CE, WEE and SLE viruses but were refractory to infection with TUR virus. All animals infected with CE and WEE viruses developed viremia that persisted for 2 or 3 days after inoculation and then developed antibodies that were detectable from 7 through at least 56 days after infection. In contrast, only 2 of 7 animals that developed HI antibodies to SLE virus had viremia, and at barely detectable levels; and HI antibodies were undetectable in 3 of the 7 animals at 56 days after infection.
1971年至1974年期间，在加利福尼亚州伯特县的萨克拉门托河沿岸，对黑尾长耳大野兔（Lepus californicus）进行了一项血清学调查，以检测其是否感染10种虫媒病毒。在捕获并采血的325只动物中，共采血493次，结果发现40%的动物对加利福尼亚脑炎（CE）病毒的血凝抑制（HI）抗体呈阳性，34%对西部马脑炎（WEE）病毒呈阳性，20%对Buttonwillow病毒呈阳性，15%对圣路易斯脑炎（SLE）病毒呈阳性，12%对Main Drain病毒呈阳性。只有5%和2%的动物分别对Lokern病毒和特洛克（TUR）病毒有HI抗体。没有血清学证据表明动物感染了波瓦桑病毒、莫多克病毒和里奥布拉沃病毒。通过对重新捕获动物的抗体流行率和免疫转化数据的分析，发现了某些病毒在月度和年度活动方面的差异。实验研究表明，未成年长耳大野兔经皮下接种后对CE、WEE和SLE病毒感染高度易感，但对TUR病毒感染具有抵抗力。所有感染CE和WEE病毒的动物都出现了病毒血症，接种后持续2或3天，然后产生抗体，感染后7天至至少56天均可检测到。相比之下，在产生SLE病毒HI抗体的7只动物中，只有2只出现了病毒血症，且水平几乎检测不到；在感染后56天，7只动物中有3只检测不到HI抗体。
