Blitvich Bradley J, Firth Andrew E
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
Viruses. 2017 Jun 21;9(6):154. doi: 10.3390/v9060154.
Most viruses in the genus are horizontally transmitted between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but some are maintained in arthropod- or vertebrate-restricted transmission cycles. Flaviviruses maintained by vertebrate-only transmission are commonly referred to as no known vector (NKV) flaviviruses. Fourteen species and two subtypes of NKV flaviviruses are recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and Tamana bat virus potentially belongs to this group. NKV flaviviruses have been isolated in nature almost exclusively from bats and rodents; exceptions are the two isolates of Dakar bat virus recovered from febrile humans and the recent isolations of Sokoluk virus from field-collected ticks, which raises questions as to whether it should remain classified as an NKV flavivirus. There is evidence to suggest that two other NKV flaviviruses, Entebbe bat virus and Yokose virus, may also infect arthropods in nature. The best characterized bat- and rodent-associated NKV flaviviruses are Rio Bravo and Modoc viruses, respectively, but both have received limited research attention compared to many of their arthropod-infecting counterparts. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of NKV flaviviruses, placing a particular emphasis on their classification, host range, geographic distribution, replication kinetics, pathogenesis, transmissibility and molecular biology.
该属中的大多数病毒在吸血节肢动物和脊椎动物宿主之间水平传播，但有些病毒维持在节肢动物或脊椎动物限制的传播循环中。仅通过脊椎动物传播维持的黄病毒通常被称为无已知载体（NKV）黄病毒。国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）认可了14种NKV黄病毒和2个亚型，塔马纳蝙蝠病毒可能属于这一类。NKV黄病毒几乎仅在自然界中从蝙蝠和啮齿动物中分离出来；例外情况是从发热人类中分离出的两株达喀尔蝙蝠病毒，以及最近从野外采集的蜱中分离出的索科卢克病毒，这引发了关于它是否应继续归类为NKV黄病毒的疑问。有证据表明，另外两种NKV黄病毒，恩德培蝙蝠病毒和横濑病毒，在自然界中也可能感染节肢动物。最具特征的与蝙蝠和啮齿动物相关的NKV黄病毒分别是里奥布拉沃病毒和莫多克病毒，但与许多感染节肢动物的同类病毒相比，这两种病毒都受到的研究关注有限。在此，我们对NKV黄病毒进行全面综述，特别强调它们的分类、宿主范围、地理分布、复制动力学、发病机制、传播性和分子生物学。
