Charlier J, Vercruysse J, Morgan E, van Dijk J, Williams D J L
Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset BS40 5DU, UK.
Parasitology. 2014 Mar;141(3):326-35. doi: 10.1017/S0031182013001662. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
Fasciola hepatica is a pathogenic trematode parasite of ruminants with a global distribution. Here, we briefly review the current epidemiology of bovine fasciolosis in Europe and discuss the progress made over the last decade in the diagnosis, impact on production and prediction of F. hepatica in cattle. Advances in diagnosis have led to significantly improved coprological and serological methods to detect presence of infection. Diagnostic test results have been correlated with intensity of infection and associated production losses, unravelling the impact on carcass weight and milk yield in modern cattle production systems. The economic impact of fasciolosis may, however, go beyond the direct impacts on production as evidence shows that F. hepatica can modulate the immune response to some co-infections. Control of bovine fasciolosis remains hampered by the limitations of the currently available flukicidal drugs: few drugs are available to treat dairy cows, many have low efficacies against juvenile stages of F. hepatica and there is evidence for the development of drug resistance. This makes research into the prediction of risk periods, and thus the optimum application of available drugs more pertinent. In this field, the recent research focus has been on understanding spatial risk and delivering region-specific spatial distribution maps. Further advances in epidemiological and economic research on bovine fasciolosis are expected to deliver farm-specific economic assessments of disease impact, to leverage non-chemotherapeutic management options and to enhance a more targeted use of anthelmintics.
肝片吸虫是一种寄生于反刍动物的致病性吸虫寄生虫，在全球范围内均有分布。在此，我们简要回顾欧洲牛片形吸虫病的当前流行病学情况，并讨论过去十年在牛肝片吸虫的诊断、对生产的影响以及预测方面所取得的进展。诊断方面的进展带来了显著改进的粪便学和血清学方法，以检测感染的存在。诊断测试结果已与感染强度及相关生产损失相关联，揭示了其对现代养牛生产系统中胴体重量和产奶量的影响。然而，片形吸虫病的经济影响可能超出对生产的直接影响，因为有证据表明肝片吸虫可调节对某些合并感染的免疫反应。牛片形吸虫病的防控仍因现有杀吸虫药物的局限性而受阻：可用于治疗奶牛的药物很少，许多药物对肝片吸虫的幼虫阶段疗效较低，且有耐药性发展的证据。这使得对风险期预测的研究变得更加重要，从而更合理地应用现有药物。在这一领域，近期的研究重点是了解空间风险并提供特定区域的空间分布图。预计牛片形吸虫病在流行病学和经济研究方面的进一步进展将提供针对农场的疾病影响经济评估，利用非化学治疗管理选项，并加强驱虫药的更有针对性使用。
