Flisikowska Tatiana, Kind Alexander, Schnieke Angelika
J Appl Genet. 2014 Feb;55(1):53-64. doi: 10.1007/s13353-013-0182-9.
Genetically modified mice are powerful tools to investigate the molecular basis of many human diseases. Mice are, however, of limited value for preclinical studies, because they differ significantly from humans in size, general physiology, anatomy and lifespan. Considerable efforts are, thus, being made to develop alternative animal models for a range of human diseases. These promise powerful new resources that will aid the development of new diagnostics, medicines and medical procedures. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of genetically modified porcine models described in the scientific literature: various cancers, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, autosomal polycystic kidney disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, haemophilia A, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, Alzheimer’s disease, various forms of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
转基因小鼠是研究许多人类疾病分子基础的有力工具。然而，小鼠在临床前研究中的价值有限，因为它们在体型、一般生理学、解剖学和寿命方面与人类有显著差异。因此，人们正在付出巨大努力来开发针对一系列人类疾病的替代动物模型。这些有望成为强大的新资源，有助于新诊断方法、药物和医疗程序的开发。在这里，我们对科学文献中描述的转基因猪模型进行了全面综述：各种癌症、囊性纤维化、杜氏肌营养不良症、常染色体显性多囊肾病、亨廷顿舞蹈症、脊髓性肌萎缩症、甲型血友病、X连锁重症联合免疫缺陷病、色素性视网膜炎、斯特格氏病、阿尔茨海默病、各种形式的糖尿病和心血管疾病。
