Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014 Feb;100:275-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.021. Epub 2013 Nov 14.
Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the flurochloridone (FLC)-containing commercial formulation herbicides Twin Pack Gold(®) (25 percent a.i.) and Rainbow(®) (25 percent a.i.) were evaluated on Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles exposed under laboratory conditions. Lethal effect was evaluated as end point for lethality, whereas frequency of micronuclei (MN) and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) were employed as end points for genotoxicity. Lethality studies revealed equivalent LC-5096 h values of 2.96 and 2.85 mg/L for Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®), respectively. Twin Pack Gold(®) did not induce DNA damage at the chromosomal level, whereas Rainbow(®) increased the frequency of MN only when the lowest concentration (0.71 mg/L) was used. However, all concentrations of Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®) increased the frequencies of primary DNA lesions estimated by alkaline SCGE. This study represents the first evidence of the acute toxic and genotoxic effects exerted by two FLC-based commercial formulations, Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®), on tadpoles of an amphibian species native to Argentina under laboratory conditions. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of minimizing the impacts on nontarget living species exposed to agrochemicals.
氟氯吡啶（FLC）含有的两种商业除草剂制剂，Twin Pack Gold（®）（25%有效成分）和 Rainbow（®）（25%有效成分），对在实验室条件下暴露的 Rhinella arenarum（蛙形目：蟾蜍科）蝌蚪的急性毒性和遗传毒性进行了评估。致死效应被评估为致死终点，而微核（MN）的频率和单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）则被用作遗传毒性终点。致死性研究表明，Twin Pack Gold（®）和 Rainbow（®）的 LC-5096 h 值分别为 2.96 和 2.85 mg/L，等效。Twin Pack Gold（®）在染色体水平上没有诱导 DNA 损伤，而 Rainbow（®）仅在使用最低浓度（0.71 mg/L）时才增加 MN 的频率。然而，Twin Pack Gold（®）和 Rainbow（®）的所有浓度都增加了碱性 SCGE 估计的初级 DNA 损伤的频率。本研究首次证明了两种基于 FLC 的商业制剂，Twin Pack Gold（®）和 Rainbow（®），在实验室条件下对阿根廷本土两栖物种蝌蚪产生的急性毒性和遗传毒性效应。最后，我们的研究结果强调了减少暴露于农用化学品的非目标生物物种的影响的重要性。
