Lajmanovich Rafael C, Cabagna-Zenklusen Mariana C, Attademo Andrés M, Junges Celina M, Peltzer Paola M, Bassó Agustín, Lorenzatti Eduardo
National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje el Pozo s/n, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Jul 15;769:7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.009. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
The assessment of micronucleated erythrocytes (ME) in blood represents a widely used method for the detection of chromosomal damage by chemical agents, such as herbicides that may occur as water contaminants. We investigated the changes in some circulating blood-cell parameters of tadpoles of the common toad (Rhinella arenarum) that were exposed during 48 or 96 h to three sub-lethal concentrations (3.75, 7.5, and 15 mg/L) of a commercial formulation of a glufosinate-ammonium (GLA)-based herbicide (Liberty(®), LY(®)) as well as to the corresponding active ingredient GLA. The frequency of ME and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA, i.e., lobed nuclei, binucleates or segmented nuclei, kidney-shaped nuclei, notched nuclei, and picnotic nuclei) were evaluated and compared with positive (cyclophosphamide, CP, 40 mg/L) and negative (de-chlorinated tap water) controls. The results indicate that the exposure of R. arenarum tadpoles to LY(®) induces a concentration-dependent increase in ME frequency. The ENA frequency at 48 h was also significantly higher than that in the negative control group for all the chemicals assayed (CP, LY(®) and GLA) whereas at 96 h, increases in ENA over the negative control group were found only for CP and GLA (7.5 mg/L). Our study demonstrates that the commercial formulation of a GLA-based herbicide induces micronucleus formation in R. arenarum tadpoles, in contrast to the active ingredient. According to these results, the inert ingredients of the commercial formulation played an important role in the production of genotoxic damage in erythrocytes of amphibian tadpoles.
血液中微核红细胞（ME）的评估是一种广泛应用的检测化学物质（如可能作为水体污染物存在的除草剂）所致染色体损伤的方法。我们研究了普通蟾蜍（南美蟾蜍，Rhinella arenarum）蝌蚪在48小时或96小时内暴露于基于草铵膦（GLA）的除草剂商业制剂（Liberty(®)，LY(®)）以及相应活性成分GLA的三种亚致死浓度（3.75、7.5和15 mg/L）下，其一些循环血细胞参数的变化。评估了ME频率和其他红细胞核异常（ENA，即叶状核、双核或分节核、肾形核、有缺口核和固缩核），并与阳性对照（环磷酰胺，CP，40 mg/L）和阴性对照（去氯自来水）进行比较。结果表明，南美蟾蜍蝌蚪暴露于LY(®)会导致ME频率呈浓度依赖性增加。对于所有检测的化学物质（CP、LY(®)和GLA），48小时时的ENA频率也显著高于阴性对照组，而在96小时时，仅CP和GLA（7.5 mg/L）的ENA频率相对于阴性对照组有所增加。我们的研究表明，与活性成分相比，基于GLA的除草剂商业制剂会诱导南美蟾蜍蝌蚪形成微核。根据这些结果，商业制剂中的惰性成分在两栖类蝌蚪红细胞的遗传毒性损伤产生中起重要作用。
