UMR444, Génétique Cellulaire, INRA, CS 52627, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; UMR444, Génétique Cellulaire, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France.
UMR1348-PEGASE, INRA, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France; UMR1348-PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000 Rennes, France.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Mar;140:44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
This paper reviews state-of-the-art knowledge on steroid biosynthesis pathways in the pig and provides an updated characterization of the porcine genes involved in these pathways with particular focus on androgens, estrogens, and 16-androstenes. At least 21 different enzymes appear to be involved in these pathways in porcine tissues together with at least five cofactors. Until now, data on several porcine genes were scarce or confusing. We characterized the complete genomic and transcript sequences of the single porcine CYP11B gene. We analyzed the porcine AKR1 gene cluster and identified four AKR1C, one AKR1C like genes and one AKR1E2 gene. We provide evidence that porcine AKR1C genes are not orthologous to human AKR1C. A new nomenclature is thus needed for this gene family in the pig. Thirty-two genes are now described: transcript (30+2 characterized in this study) and genomic (complete: 18+1 and partial: 12+1) sequences are identified. However, despite increasing knowledge on steroid metabolism in the pig, there is still no explanation of why porcine testes can produce androstenone and epiandrosterone, but not dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is also a reduced steroid.
本文综述了猪类固醇生物合成途径的最新知识，并对参与这些途径的猪基因进行了更新的特征描述，特别关注雄激素、雌激素和 16-雄烯二酮。至少有 21 种不同的酶似乎参与了猪组织中的这些途径，还有至少 5 种辅因子。到目前为止，关于几个猪基因的数据还很少或很混乱。我们对猪 CYP11B 基因的完整基因组和转录序列进行了特征描述。我们分析了猪 AKR1 基因簇，鉴定了 4 个 AKR1C、1 个 AKR1C 样基因和 1 个 AKR1E2 基因。我们提供的证据表明，猪 AKR1C 基因与人类 AKR1C 不是同源的。因此，这个基因家族在猪中需要一个新的命名法。现在已经描述了 32 个基因：转录（本研究中 30+2 个进行了特征描述）和基因组（完整：18+1 个和部分：12+1 个）序列都被鉴定出来。然而，尽管猪类固醇代谢的知识不断增加，但仍然没有解释为什么猪睾丸可以产生雄烯酮和表雄酮，而不能产生二氢睾酮（DHT），DHT 也是一种还原类固醇。
