Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-1170, Birmingham, Alabama.
J Chem Ecol. 1994 Dec;20(12):3361-72. doi: 10.1007/BF02033732.
Extracts of the dorid nudibranchTritoniella belli and stoloniferan coralClavularia frankliniana were chromatographed and analyzed by(1)H NMR and thin-layer chromatography. Three glycerol ethers were detected inT. belli, primarily 1-O-hexadecyl glycerol (chimyl alcohol). Chimyl alcohol was also detected after gradient flash chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC purification in the tissues ofC. frankliniana. The common omnivorous predatory Antarctic sea starOdontaster validus, a likely predator of benthic invertebrates, showed feeding deterrence to small cubes ofT. belli mantle tissue placed on the tube feet along the ambulacral feeding groove, while always extruding the cardiac stomach when presented with cubes of shrimp tissue of similar size. Filter-paper disks soaked in an aqueous shrimp solution and then dried were found to elicit a broad range of feeding behaviors inO. validus, including movement of the shrimp disk to the mouth, extrusion of the cardiac stomach, and the assumption of a humped feeding posture. Chimyl alcohol-treated shrimp disks caused significant feeding deterrence in sea stars when compared with control disks (solvent plus shrimp treated disks alone).T. belli andC. frankliniana appear to employ a defensive compound that has been found in a variety of temperate and tropical mollusks, where it has been demonstrated to deter fish predators. We provide evidence for further deterrent capabilities of chimyl alcohol and of its trophic relationship in the polar ecosystem of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
从裸鳃目软体动物Tritoniella belli 和枝状珊瑚Clavularia frankliniana 中提取的物质，经（1）H NMR 和薄层色谱分析。在 T. belli 中检测到三种甘油醚，主要是 1-O-十六烷基甘油（chimyl 醇）。在 C. frankliniana 的组织中，通过梯度闪蒸色谱和反相 HPLC 纯化后，也检测到 chimyl 醇。南极常见的杂食性掠食性海星 Odontaster validus 可能是底栖无脊椎动物的捕食者，当将小块 T. belli 外套组织放在沿步带沟的管足上时，表现出对其的摄食抑制，而当提供大小相似的虾组织块时，海星总是会挤出心脏胃。发现浸泡在虾水溶液中的滤纸圆盘会引起 O. validus 广泛的摄食行为，包括将虾圆盘移动到口部、挤出心脏胃和呈现隆起的摄食姿势。与对照圆盘（仅溶剂加虾处理的圆盘）相比，chimyl 醇处理的虾圆盘在海星中引起了明显的摄食抑制。T. belli 和 C. frankliniana 似乎使用了一种防御化合物，这种化合物在各种温带和热带软体动物中都有发现，并且已经证明它可以防止鱼类捕食者捕食。我们提供了关于 chimyl 醇及其在南极洲麦克默多 Sound 极地生态系统中的营养关系的进一步抑制能力的证据。
