Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, Milton Keynes, UK.
J Gambl Stud. 1992 Dec;8(4):371-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01024124.
One strand of the moral case for the superiority of parimutuel systems of betting over bookmaking emphasises that, as the name implies, the bettors are betting amongst themselves and that there is no discrimination against any individual bettor or groups of bettors. This claim is undermined by three deviations from the pure parimutuel principle found in many systems. Given that there is a close inverse relationship between the income/wealth of bettors and the average odds of the bets they place, the three deviations-higher deductions from long odds ("exotic") pools, higher deductions from pools when longer odds horses win and the paying of minimum dividends-each move a parimutuel system in the unethical direction ofregressive taxation.
支持彩票博彩优于庄家投注的道德论点之一是，顾名思义，投注者是相互之间投注，而且对任何单个投注者或投注者群体没有歧视。这一说法因许多系统中存在的三种偏离纯粹的彩票原则的情况而受到损害。鉴于投注者的收入/财富与他们所投注的平均赔率之间存在密切的反比关系，这三种偏差——高赔率 ("冷门") 投注池的扣款额更高、长赔率赛马获胜时的投注池扣款额更高以及支付最低红利——都使彩票系统朝着不道德的倒退征税方向发展。
