Dickerson M G
J Appl Behav Anal. 1979 Fall;12(3):315-23. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-315.
This study reports on the direct observations of customers in two U.K. betting offices gambling on horse and dog races. These observations revealed that bets were more frequently placed in the last minutes just prior to the start (the OFF), and that this was caused by high-frequency gamblers (customers who had eight or more bets in a session) consistently placing their bets in the last two minutes prior to the OFF. Low-frequency gamblers (three or fewer bets/session) avoided this time period placing their bets earlier, or after the OFF, i.e., on a later race. It was argued that the betting behavior of the "gamblers" could not be explained either in terms of "skillful betting" or solely in terms of variable ratio schedules but was more adequately accounted for in terms of an interval schedule. It was further suggested that time-based schedules might be of heuristic value in generally understanding persistence at gambling while losing.
本研究报告了对英国两家博彩店内赌马和赛狗的顾客的直接观察情况。这些观察结果显示，赌注更多是在比赛开始前的最后几分钟（即“开赛前”）下注的，这是由高频赌客（在一场赌博中下注八次或更多次的顾客）持续在开赛前的最后两分钟下注所致。低频赌客（每场下注三次或更少）避开这个时间段，要么更早下注，要么在开赛后下注，即在稍后的一场比赛中下注。有人认为，“赌客”的投注行为既不能用“巧妙投注”来解释，也不能仅用可变比率时间表来解释，而用间隔时间表来解释更为恰当。进一步表明，基于时间的时间表在总体理解输钱时赌博的持续性方面可能具有启发价值。
