Gambling behavior and psychological disorders of gamblers on German-style slot-machines.

As part of a longitudinal study on gambling behavior, 300 gamblers who differed in the extent of their subjective stress were surveyed by clinical psychologists. Self ratings, interviewer ratings and questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographics, gambling behavior, psychological disturbance and social consequences. Our results lead to two central conclusions: 1. The amount of time spent on gambling activities per week and the number of years since starting gambling were not significant predictors of the extent of subjective stress related to gambling. 2. There are various sources for the subjective stress of gambling, such as marital discord and lack of social assertiveness. In a subgroup, stress was directly related to gambling. Generally, we found a higher incidence of alcohol abuse and depression in the stressed gamblers. Further research is indicated to obtain information on the etiology and development of these disturbances.