Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
J Gen Virol. 2014 Feb;95(Pt 2):278-291. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.059634-0. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
Noroviruses are small, positive-sense RNA viruses within the family Caliciviridae, and are now accepted widely as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. Despite their impact, our understanding of the life cycle of noroviruses has lagged behind that of other RNA viruses due to the inability to culture human noroviruses (HuNVs). Our knowledge of norovirus biology has improved significantly over the past decade as a result of numerous technological advances. The use of a HuNV replicon, improved biochemical and cell-based assays, combined with the discovery of a murine norovirus capable of replication in cell culture, has improved greatly our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of norovirus genome translation and replication, as well as the interaction with host cell processes. In this review, the current state of knowledge of the intracellular life of noroviruses is discussed with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of viral gene expression and viral genome replication.
诺如病毒属于杯状病毒科的正链 RNA 病毒，目前已被广泛认可为发达国家和发展中国家急性胃肠炎的主要病因。尽管诺如病毒影响巨大，但由于无法培养人类诺如病毒（HuNV），我们对其生命周期的了解落后于其他 RNA 病毒。过去十年中，由于众多技术进步，我们对诺如病毒生物学的认识有了显著提高。HuNV 复制子的应用、改进的生化和基于细胞的检测方法，以及能够在细胞培养中复制的鼠诺如病毒的发现，极大地促进了我们对诺如病毒基因组翻译和复制的分子机制以及与宿主细胞过程相互作用的理解。在本文中，我们特别强调病毒基因表达和病毒基因组复制的机制，讨论了目前对诺如病毒细胞内生活的认识。
