Department of Gastroenterology, SRM Institutes of Medical Science, Chennai, India; Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Dec;28 Suppl 4:9-17. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12294.
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of bacteria, most of which are commensal and have adapted over time to the milieu of the human colon. Their many metabolic interactions with each other, and with the human host, influence human nutrition and metabolism in diverse ways. Our understanding of these influences has come through breakthroughs in the molecular profiling of the phylogeny and the metabolic capacities of the microbiota. The gut microbiota produce a variety of nutrients including short-chain fatty acids, B vitamins, and vitamin K. Because of their ability to interact with receptors on epithelial cells and subepithelial cells, the microbiota also release a number of cellular factors that influence human metabolism. Thus, they have potential roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognition, which extend well beyond their traditional contribution to nutrition. This review explores the roles of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism, and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects.
人类胃肠道中栖息着数以万亿计的细菌，其中大多数是共生菌，并随着时间的推移适应了人类结肠的环境。它们之间以及与人类宿主之间的许多代谢相互作用以多种方式影响人类的营养和代谢。我们对这些影响的理解是通过对微生物组的系统发育和代谢能力进行分子分析而取得的突破。肠道微生物群产生各种营养物质，包括短链脂肪酸、B 族维生素和维生素 K。由于它们能够与上皮细胞和上皮下细胞上的受体相互作用，微生物群还释放出许多影响人类代谢的细胞因子。因此，它们在代谢综合征、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝和认知等疾病的发病机制中具有潜在作用，其作用远远超出了它们在营养方面的传统贡献。这篇综述探讨了肠道微生物群在人类营养和代谢中的作用，以及这些影响的潜在机制。
