Chin Siau Wui, Low Zheng Yao, Tan Wei Qi, Azman Adzzie Shazleen
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Microbiologyopen. 2025 Aug;14(4):e70043. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70043.
Dysbiosis is the imbalance of bacterial composition, which would otherwise change the human host's metabolic activities and usual microbiota distribution. The outcomes would be as clear as day: losing beneficial bacteria in exchange for the overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria, leading to diseases. It is crucial to unravel the dynamic roles of bacteria in maintaining human health to prevent and alleviate the said dysbiosis. To date, diet, lifestyle, age, and chemical exposures were cited as the leading cause of bacterial dysbiosis atop of genetic factors. This review aims to shed light on how bacterial interplays in maintaining human health and how bacteria-bacteria interaction may play a part in the surge of antimicrobial resistance. The intricate relationship of bacteria dynamics in the gut, skin and oral was detailed to understand how bacteria dysbiosis causes diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), acne vulgaris (AV), atopic dermatitis (AD), periodontitis and dental caries. Besides that, current interventions and limitations of therapeutic prospects entailing the growing concepts of rebiosis, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, microbiota transplantation, and the evolving phage therapy, were also discussed to breathe new life into the development of novel therapeutics against dysbiosis.
微生物群落失调是指细菌组成的失衡，这种失衡会改变人类宿主的代谢活动和正常的微生物群分布。结果将一目了然：有益细菌减少，取而代之的是潜在致病细菌的过度生长，从而导致疾病。了解细菌在维持人类健康中的动态作用对于预防和缓解上述微生物群落失调至关重要。迄今为止，除了遗传因素外，饮食、生活方式、年龄和化学物质暴露被认为是细菌群落失调的主要原因。本综述旨在阐明细菌在维持人类健康中的相互作用方式，以及细菌间相互作用如何在抗菌药物耐药性激增中发挥作用。详细阐述了肠道、皮肤和口腔中细菌动态的复杂关系，以了解细菌群落失调如何导致诸如肠易激综合征（IBS）、炎症性肠病（IBD）、寻常痤疮（AV）、特应性皮炎（AD）、牙周炎和龋齿等疾病。除此之外，还讨论了当前的干预措施以及治疗前景的局限性，其中涉及不断发展的再生物质概念，包括益生菌、益生元、合生元、微生物群移植以及不断发展的噬菌体疗法，为开发针对微生物群落失调的新型疗法注入新的活力。
