Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung, Universität Göttingen, D-3400, Von-Siebold-Strasse 8, Göttingen, FRG.
Theor Appl Genet. 1985 Jul;70(4):422-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00273749.
Six primary triticale lines were produced from two advanced breeding lines of Triticum durum and three inbred genotypes of Secale cereale. The wheat and rye parents and the triticale derivatives were crossed in all possible combinations within each species group. Chiasma and univalent frequency of parents and hybrids were determined. The primary triticale lines had more univalents and less chiasmata per pollen mother cell than the corresponding wheat and rye parents together. The parental wheat F1 exhibited negative heterosis for chiasma frequency whereas all rye hybrids had much higher chiasma frequencies than their inbred parents. Triticale F1s generally showed lower chiasma frequencies and more univalents than their parents, but the degree of pairing failure was dependent upon which of the parental species within the triticale, wheat or rye, was in the heterozygous state. F1s with heterozygous wheat genome only showed the least reduction in chiasma number (presumably caused by gene actions within the wheat genome), while F1s with heterozygous rye genome showed high reduction in chiasma frequency and an increase in pairing failure (induced by negative interactions between the heterozygous rye and the wheat genome in triticale). A high correlation was found between the frequency of undisturbed pollen mother cells and the frequency of aneuploids in the subsequent generation. A higher number of aneuploids occurred in those populations which were heterozygous for the rye genome.
六个初级小黑麦品系是由两个硬粒小麦的先进育种品系和三个黑麦的自交基因型杂交产生的。小麦和黑麦的亲本以及小黑麦衍生品种在每个物种组内进行了所有可能的组合杂交。测定了亲本和杂种的交叉和单价体频率。初级小黑麦品系的花粉母细胞中的单价体数目比相应的小麦和黑麦亲本多，而交叉数则较少。小麦 F1 代的交叉频率表现出负杂种优势，而所有黑麦杂种的交叉频率都比其自交亲本高得多。小黑麦 F1 代通常表现出较低的交叉频率和更多的单价体，但其配对失败的程度取决于小黑麦中是哪一个种的亲本处于杂合状态，是小麦还是黑麦。只有杂合小麦基因组的 F1 代显示出最少的交叉数减少（可能是由小麦基因组中的基因作用引起的），而杂合黑麦基因组的 F1 代显示出交叉频率的大幅降低和配对失败的增加（由小黑麦中杂合黑麦和小麦基因组之间的负相互作用引起的）。在随后的世代中，未受干扰的花粉母细胞频率与非整倍体的频率之间存在高度相关性。在那些黑麦基因组为杂合的群体中，出现了更多的非整倍体。
