Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung, Universität Göttingen, von-Siebold-Straβe 8, D-3400, Göttingen, FRG.
Theor Appl Genet. 1985 Jul;70(4):427-32. doi: 10.1007/BF00273750.
Six primary triticale lines were produced from two advanced breeding lines of Triticum durum and three inbred genotypes of Secale cereale. The wheat and rye parents as well as the triticale derivatives were then crossed each within the same group of species in all possible combinations. Parents, F1s, and F2 populations were used to study the inheritance of a set of morphological and yield characters. The results suggest that, in general, in triticale allelic interactions within the wheat and the rye components are suppressed in favour of intergenomic interactions. Heterozygosity in the rye genome appeared to be detrimental for triticale, whereas heterozygosity in the wheat genome only resulted in positive interactions between certain characters. The retention of a high level of heterosis for kernels per spike in the F2 generation of such hybrids indicates interactions between genes which are in the homozygous state in the rye but remain in the heterozygous state in the wheat genome. If heterozygosity in the wheat component occurs between genes in the A and B genomes (homoeoalleles), it can be fixed in true breeding lines. This condition may ultimately lead to the fixation of their benefical effect on the interaction between wheat and rye genome. Aneuploidy caused a significant decline in performance for most of the investigated characters.
六个初级小黑麦品系是由两个硬粒小麦的先进育种品系和三个黑麦的自交基因型杂交而成。然后，将小麦和黑麦亲本以及小黑麦衍生系在同一物种组内进行所有可能的组合杂交。利用亲本、F1 和 F2 群体研究了一组形态和产量特征的遗传。结果表明，一般来说，在小黑麦中，小麦和黑麦成分内的等位基因相互作用受到抑制，有利于基因组间的相互作用。黑麦基因组中的杂合性似乎对小黑麦不利，而小麦基因组中的杂合性仅导致某些性状之间的正相互作用。杂种 F2 代的穗粒数杂种优势保持在高水平，表明在黑麦基因组中处于纯合状态而在小麦基因组中仍处于杂合状态的基因之间存在相互作用。如果小麦成分中的杂合性发生在 A 和 B 基因组（同系等位基因）之间的基因之间，则可以在自交系中固定下来。这种情况最终可能导致其对小麦和黑麦基因组之间相互作用的有益影响固定下来。非整倍性导致大多数研究性状的表现显著下降。
