Olds D L, Henderson C R, Chamberlin R, Tatelbaum R
Pediatrics. 1986 Jul;78(1):65-78.
A program of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses was tested as a method of preventing a wide range of health and developmental problems in children born to primiparas who were either teenagers, unmarried, or of low socioeconomic status. Among the women at highest risk for care-giving dysfunction, those who were visited by a nurse had fewer instances of verified child abuse and neglect during the first 2 years of their children's lives (P = .07); they were observed in their homes to restrict and punish their children less frequently, and they provided more appropriate play materials; their babies were seen in the emergency room less frequently during the first year of life. During the second year of life, the babies of all nurse-visited women, regardless of the families' risk status, were seen in the emergency room fewer times, and they were seen by physicians less frequently for accidents and poisonings than comparison group babies (P less than or equal to .05 for all findings, except where indicated.) Treatment differences for child abuse and neglect and emergency room visits were more significant among women who had a lower sense of control over their lives.
一项由护士进行产前及婴儿期家访的项目，被作为一种预防初产妇所生孩子出现广泛健康和发育问题的方法进行了测试。这些初产妇要么是青少年，要么未婚，要么社会经济地位较低。在照顾功能障碍风险最高的女性中，接受护士家访的女性在其孩子生命的头两年里，经证实的虐待和忽视儿童事件较少（P = 0.07）；在家中观察到她们较少限制和惩罚孩子，并且提供了更合适的游戏材料；她们的婴儿在生命的第一年里较少出现在急诊室。在生命的第二年，所有接受护士家访的女性的孩子，无论家庭风险状况如何，出现在急诊室的次数都更少，并且与对照组婴儿相比，因意外事故和中毒看医生的次数也更少（除另有说明外，所有结果的P值均小于或等于0.05）。在对生活控制感较低的女性中，虐待和忽视儿童以及急诊室就诊方面的治疗差异更为显著。
