Laboratory for Applied Marine Research, Division of Technology for Society TNO, P.O. Box 57, 1780 AB, Den Helder, The Netherlands.
Environ Monit Assess. 1986 Nov;7(3):221-32. doi: 10.1007/BF00418015.
Examples are presented of different techniques which are in use, or could be used, to monitor the fate and effects of oil pollution in Dutch marine waters by oil spills and chronic contamination by rivers, processing water from the oil industry, etc.A number of techniques are presented to quantify the fate of oil in water, sediments and biota, and some readily available methods to monitor possible effects in the ecosystem.In Dutch coastal waters much effort is being given to airborne detection of oil at the sea surface in order to reduce pollution and to take rapid measures in cases of severe pollution. Oil concentrations in sediments and selected organisms can be monitored as a general quality control measure, and to check the functioning of licensed installations. If concentrations above background levels are found, research on possible effects should be initiated. In this context short term studies on stress-indicators are very useful. Laboratory based investigations, for example in model ecosystems, can be carried out to test hypotheses from such studies. Elevated oil concentrations and indications for ecological effects may result in changes in the management of the marine area in question. Monitoring of population dynamics and species composition, notably of benthic macrofauna, should be carried out to verify long-term effects on the ecosystem.
本文介绍了一些不同的技术，这些技术被用于或可能被用于监测荷兰沿海水域中油污染的命运和影响，包括油溢出和河流、石油工业处理水等慢性污染。本文还介绍了一些定量研究油在水中、沉积物和生物群中的命运的方法，以及一些可用于监测生态系统中可能影响的现成方法。在荷兰沿海水域，为了减少污染并在严重污染情况下采取快速措施，正在大力开展对海面油污染的航空探测。可以监测沉积物和选定生物体内的石油浓度作为一般质量控制措施，并检查许可设施的运行情况。如果发现浓度高于背景水平，则应启动对可能影响的研究。在这方面，短期应激指标研究非常有用。可以进行基于实验室的研究，例如在模型生态系统中进行，以验证此类研究中的假设。石油浓度升高和生态效应的迹象可能导致对有关海洋区域的管理发生变化。应进行种群动态和物种组成（特别是底栖大型动物群）的监测，以验证对生态系统的长期影响。
