Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Apr;186(4):2089-110. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3520-9. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
This study analyses forest dynamics and land use/land cover change over a 43-year period using spatial-stand-type maps of temporal forest management plans of Karaisalı Forest Enterprise in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Stand parameters (tree species, crown closures and developmental stages) of the dynamics and changes caused by natural or artificial intervention were introduced and mapped in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and subjected to fragmentation analysis using FRAGSTATS. The Karaisalı Forest Enterprise was first planned in 1969 and then the study area was planned under the Mediterranean Forest Use project in 1991 and five-term forest management plans were made. In this study, we analysed only four periods (excluding 1982 revision plans): 1969, 1991, 2002 and 2012. Between 1969 and 2012, overall changes included a net increase of 3,026 ha in forested areas. Cumulative forest improvement accounted for 2.12% and the annual rate of total forest improvement averaged 0.08%. In addition, productive forest areas increased from 36,174 to 70,205 ha between 1969 and 2012. This translates into an average annual productive forest improvement rate of 1.54%. At the same time, fully covered forest areas with crown closure of "3" (>70%) increased about 21,321 ha, and young forest areas in developmental stage of "a" (diameter at breast height (dbh) < 8 cm) increased from 716 to 13,305 ha over the 43-year study period. Overall changes show that productive and fully covered forest areas have increased egregiously with a focus on regenerated and young developmental stages. A spatial analysis of metrics over the 43-year study period indicated a more fragmented landscape resulting in a susceptible forest to harsh disturbances.
本研究利用土耳其东地中海地区卡里萨勒森林企业（Karaisalı Forest Enterprise） 43 年时间的时空森林管理计划的空间-林分类型图，分析了森林动态和土地利用/土地覆被变化。在地理信息系统（GIS）中引入和绘制了动态和自然或人为干预引起的变化的林分参数（树种、树冠闭合度和发育阶段），并使用 FRAGSTATS 进行了碎片化分析。卡里萨勒森林企业于 1969 年首次规划，随后于 1991 年在地中海森林利用项目下规划了研究区域，并制定了五个任期的森林管理计划。在本研究中，我们仅分析了四个时期（不包括 1982 年修订计划）：1969 年、1991 年、2002 年和 2012 年。1969 年至 2012 年间，森林面积净增加 3026 公顷。累计森林改良量占 2.12%，森林总改良年平均增长率为 0.08%。此外，1969 年至 2012 年间，生产力森林面积从 36174 公顷增加到 70205 公顷。这相当于生产力森林年平均改良率为 1.54%。与此同时，树冠闭合度为“3”（>70%）的完全覆盖森林面积增加了约 21321 公顷，发育阶段为“a”（胸径（dbh）<8 厘米）的幼林面积从 716 公顷增加到 13305 公顷。43 年的研究期内，总体变化表明，生产力和完全覆盖的森林面积显著增加，重点是再生和幼龄发育阶段。43 年研究期内的空间分析指标表明，景观更加破碎，森林更容易受到恶劣干扰。
