Günlü Alkan, Kadioğullari Ali Ihsan, Keleş Sedat, Başkent Emin Zeki
Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 Jan;148(1-4):127-37. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-0144-y. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
Recognition and understanding of landscape dynamics as a historical legacy of disturbances are necessary for sustainable management of forest ecosystems. This study analyzes spatial and temporal changes in land use and forest cover patterns in a typical mountain forest area in Rize Forest Enterprise of the Northeastern part of Turkey. The area is investigated by evaluated the temporal changes of spatial structure of forest conditions through spatial analysis of forest cover type maps from 1984 and 2007 using GIS and FRAGSTATS. The quantative evidences presented here showed that there were drastic changes in the temporal and spatial dynamics of land use/forest cover. As an overall change between 1984 and 2007, there was a net decrease of 2.30% in total forested areas. On one hand, productive forest areas decreased 12,506 ha, on the other hand, degraded forest areas increased 14,805 ha. In examining the changes of crown closure and development stages of forest ecosystem during the study period, the forest stand area with medium crown closures increased. Regenerated area increased while the other development stages were left to grow to mature development stages in the period. These results regarding to crown closure and development stage showed that forest quality has increased but total forest areas decreased. This is partially due to out-migration of rural population in Rize and Cayeli towns. In terms of spatial configuration, analysis of the metrics revealed that landscape structure in Study area had changed substantially over the 23-year study period, resulting in fragmentation of the landscape as indicated by the large patch numbers and the smaller mean patch sizes due to heavy timber subtraction, illegal cutting, and uncontrolled stand treatments.
认识和理解景观动态作为干扰的历史遗留物，对于森林生态系统的可持续管理至关重要。本研究分析了土耳其东北部里泽森林企业典型山区土地利用和森林覆盖模式的时空变化。通过使用GIS和FRAGSTATS对1984年和2007年森林覆盖类型图进行空间分析，评估森林状况空间结构的时间变化，从而对该区域展开调查。此处呈现的定量证据表明，土地利用/森林覆盖的时空动态发生了剧烈变化。作为1984年至2007年的总体变化，森林总面积净减少了2.30%。一方面，生产性林区减少了12,506公顷，另一方面，退化林区增加了14,805公顷。在研究期间考察森林生态系统的树冠郁闭度和发育阶段的变化时，中等树冠郁闭度的林分面积增加。更新面积增加，而在此期间其他发育阶段则任其生长至成熟发育阶段。这些关于树冠郁闭度和发育阶段的结果表明，森林质量有所提高，但森林总面积减少。这部分是由于里泽和恰耶利镇农村人口的外流。在空间配置方面，对各项指标的分析表明，在23年的研究期内，研究区域的景观结构发生了显著变化，由于大量木材采伐、非法砍伐和不受控制的林分处理，斑块数量增多且平均斑块面积减小，导致景观破碎化。
