Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, PL 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
Diabetologia. 2014 Feb;57(2):270-4. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3105-8. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in male Finnish former elite athletes and age- and area-matched controls. We hypothesised that vigorous physical activity during young adulthood protects from disturbances in glucose regulation in later life.
In 2008, 392 former male elite athletes (mean age 72.7 ± 6.1 years) and 207 controls (mean age 71.6 ± 5.6 years) participated in a clinical study (participation rate: 50.6%). The former athletes were divided into three groups based on their active career sport: endurance, mixed and power sports. Participants without a history of diabetes (n = 537) underwent a 2 h 75 g OGTT. Current volume of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was determined by self-reported questionnaires and expressed in metabolic equivalent hours (MET-h). Data on reimbursable diabetes medication from participants and non-participants was obtained from the register of the Finnish Social Insurance Institution.
Compared with the controls, the former elite athletes had a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53, 0.98). The risk of type 2 diabetes decreased with increased LTPA volume (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99 per 1 MET-h/week). The former elite athletes also had a significantly lower risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than the controls (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.87).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A former career as an elite athlete protected from both type 2 diabetes and IGT in later life. In addition, the volume of current LTPA was inversely associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
目的/假设：本研究旨在确定芬兰男性前精英运动员和年龄及地区匹配的对照组中葡萄糖调节受损的患病率。我们假设，年轻时剧烈的体力活动可以保护晚年时葡萄糖调节紊乱。
2008 年，392 名前男性精英运动员（平均年龄 72.7±6.1 岁）和 207 名对照者（平均年龄 71.6±5.6 岁）参加了一项临床研究（参与率：50.6%）。根据其职业运动生涯，前运动员分为三组：耐力运动、混合运动和力量运动。无糖尿病史的参与者（n=537）接受了 2 小时 75g OGTT。通过自我报告的问卷确定当前休闲时间体力活动（LTPA）的量，并以代谢当量小时（MET-h）表示。从参与者和非参与者的芬兰社会保险机构登记处获得有关可报销糖尿病药物的数据。
与对照组相比，前精英运动员患 2 型糖尿病的风险显著降低（OR 0.72，95%CI 0.53，0.98）。LTPA 量的增加与 2 型糖尿病风险的降低相关（OR 0.98，95%CI 0.97，0.99 per 1 MET-h/week）。前精英运动员的糖耐量受损（IGT）风险也显著低于对照组（OR 0.58，95%CI 0.38，0.87）。
结论/解释：前职业运动员生涯可预防晚年发生 2 型糖尿病和 IGT。此外，当前 LTPA 的量与 2 型糖尿病的患病率呈负相关。
