Institute of Rice, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Theor Appl Genet. 1983 Nov;67(1):67-73. doi: 10.1007/BF00303925.
The inheritance and variations of some traits of more than 2,000 somatic cell derived plants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated in the second and third generations (T2 and T3) of regenerated plants (somaclones). The percentages of multiploids occurring in somaclones ranged from 0-13.3 in nine varieties (or hybrids) of 'Hsien' (indica) group, but no multiploid was found in nine varieties (or hybrid) of 'Keng' (japonica) group. A dwarf mutant with the height of only 20 cm was isolated in the T2 of 'Tai-Zhong-Yu 39'. Genetic analysis indicated that it was controlled by a single recessive gene. The frequencies of chlorophyll mutations probably controlled by cytoplasmic genes decreased gradually with the advance of generations. The variations of five quantitative traits - plant height, grain weight, etc. - in 950 T2 pedigree lines of four varieties were also studied. Only 24.4% of the lines were normal in all the traits studied. Variation frequencies of different traits were from 11.5% to 39.5%. And there was an obvious tendency for the plant height to become shorter, number of productive tillers to increase and 1,000 grain weight to be lighter, whatever the variety studied. Traits were uniform within each of more than 90% of all T2 lines studied. What is more interesting, variations phenotyped in T2 proved to breed true. Causes of somaclonal variations are discussed, as well as their potentials in breeding.
对 2000 多株水稻（Oryza sativa L.）体细胞衍生植株（体细胞无性系）的第二和第三代（T2 和 T3）中一些性状的遗传和变异进行了研究。在“籼”（籼稻）组的 9 个品种（或杂种）中，体细胞无性系中多倍体的出现率从 0 到 13.3%不等，但在“粳”（粳稻）组的 9 个品种（或杂种）中没有发现多倍体。在“台中育 39”的 T2 中分离出一个只有 20 厘米高的矮秆突变体。遗传分析表明，它由一个隐性单基因控制。可能由细胞质基因控制的叶绿素突变体的频率随着世代的推进逐渐降低。还研究了四个品种的 950 个 T2 系谱系的五个数量性状——株高、粒重等的变化。在所研究的所有性状中，只有 24.4%的系谱是正常的。不同性状的变异频率从 11.5%到 39.5%不等。无论研究的品种如何，株高变矮、有效分蘖数增加和千粒重变轻的趋势都很明显。在所研究的 90%以上的 T2 系谱中，每个系谱内的性状都很均匀。更有趣的是，T2 中表型变异的证明是可育的。讨论了体细胞无性系变异的原因及其在育种中的潜力。
