Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Dec;34(6):792-801. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358550. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Lung cancer is a major health problem for both men and women, not only because of the high incidence rate but, more alarming, the high mortality rate. The prevalence of lung cancer in women has been increasing worldwide. In the United States, lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in women, and this may well be the case in European countries in just a few years. The most important risk factors for the development of lung cancer in both men and women is cigarette smoking. Smoking among women has increased significantly since the 1960s, and, unfortunately, the risk of death from cigarette smoking continues to increase among women. Although epidemiological data remain controversial regarding the increased risk of lung cancer from tobacco exposure in women, there is little controversy surrounding the fact that the biology of lung cancer differs between the sexes. This paper summarizes the explanations for the sex differences in lung cancer, including differences in molecular abnormalities, growth factor receptors, hormonal influences, cytochrome P-450 enzymes, and DNA repair capacity, as well as differences in the histology of lung cancer and treatment outcomes in women.
肺癌是男性和女性的主要健康问题，不仅因为发病率高，更令人担忧的是死亡率高。全球女性肺癌的发病率一直在上升。在美国，肺癌目前是女性癌症死亡的主要原因，而在欧洲国家，这种情况可能在短短几年内就会出现。男性和女性肺癌发展的最重要危险因素是吸烟。自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，女性吸烟人数显著增加，不幸的是，女性因吸烟而死亡的风险仍在继续增加。尽管关于女性接触烟草导致肺癌风险增加的流行病学数据仍存在争议，但几乎没有争议的是，肺癌的生物学在性别之间存在差异。本文总结了导致肺癌性别差异的原因，包括分子异常、生长因子受体、激素影响、细胞色素 P-450 酶和 DNA 修复能力的差异，以及肺癌组织学和女性治疗结果的差异。
